Operant escape learning in decerebrate duck embryos.

Peking duck embryos were trained in an operant escape task on Day 25 of incubation (total incubation period = 27 days) following decerebration on Day 24 of incubation. Experimental embryos successfully acquired the operant response, which involved the performance of a discrete foot flexion in order to terminate a shock applied to the wing. The decerebrate embryos resembled normal, unoperated embryos of this age in their acquisition of the operant behavior.

Anuria secondary to renal artery obstruction in a solitary kidney: 9-year followup.

A patient with a prior nephrectomy for renovascular hypertension experienced complete anuria secondary to renal artery occlusion. Revascularization 75 hours later resulted in prompt diuresis, recovery of renal function and a 9-year survival. Serial preoperative renal function studies are presented.

Pre-cystectomy radiation for carcinoma of the bladder: 17-year experience.

Our experience with pre-cystectomy radiation for carcinoma of the bladder from July 1959 through June 1976 is presented. Pre-cystectomy radiation would appear to be beneficial in the management of patients with invasive bladder cancer. There is an impressive improvement in survival rates in those patients demonstrating reduction in staging after radiation.