Identification of Novel Small-Molecule ASGP-R Ligands.

During the past decade asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) expressed predominantly by hepatocytes has attracted a considerable attention as a convenient biomolecular trap for targeted drug delivery. Currently, several selective galactose-containing ligands equipped by drug molecules, e.g.

[Esophagoplasty in combined scarry lesions of the esophagus, laryngopharynx and the trachea in children].

The experience of plasty of the pharynx and esophagus with graft of the free small intestine segment was presented in 12 children after burn stricture by the potassium permanganate. The technical aspects of operation using methods of the reconstructive vascular surgery were described. Good short-term result was obtained in all the patients.

[Repeated plasty of the esophagus in children with the application of transplant from the ileum].

The authors give topographic-anatomical substantiation of a possibility to employ the ileum for esophageal replacement and describe a technique of forming such transplant. Their clinical experience includes 9 operated children. Earlier they had endured from 1 to 4 attempts of esophageal replacements by different traditional methods.

[Specific formation of esophageal autotransplant in the compromized and resected stomach].

An experience with 60 operated patients allows introduction of accuracy in the idea of possibility to use the compromised with different diseases and surgical procedures stomach in plasty of the esophagus. Technical specific features of forming the transplant are developed. Practicability of esophageal plasty with the small bowel using the loop of the bowel involved in digestive anastomoses is shown.

[Influence of genetic factors on the result of therapy for diffuse euthyroid goiter].

The purpose of the present study was to investigate a relationship between the distribution of genotypes of the polymorphic markers TSHR (rs3783949, A/C substitution), NIS (rs7250346, C/G substitution), DUOXI (rs2467825, A/G substitution), DUOX2 (rs71713669, G/T substitution), and TRO (rs!7091737, G/T substitution) genes and the result of treatment for diffuse euthyroid goiter (DEG) using two regimens: monotherapy with iodine preparations and combined therapy with iodine and levothyroxine. To identify a more effective and safe treatment for DEG, the authors compared thyroid volume, the levels of pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid peroxidase antibodies in two groups: 1) monotherapy with KI (200 pg/day) (n = 40) and 1) combined therapy with KI (100 pg) + L-T4(lpg/kg/day) (n = 41). According to the result of treatment, each group was divided into 2 subgroups: "fair result" and "poor result" (the thyroid volume failed to achieve the normal range or continued to increase).

Doxorubicin pharmacokinetics in lymphoma patients treated with doxorubicin-loaded eythrocytes.

Doxorubicin-loaded erythrocytes (DLE) were administrated to 15 lymphoma patients. Antibiotic peak concentration in blood decreased by 55%, doxorubicin circulated several times longer, and the area under the concentration-time curve increased 5 times if compared with standard doxorubicin administration. The DLE was well tolerated by patients.

[Thyroid structural changes: results of a screening ultrasound study of a Moscow population].

То assess the prevalence and pattern of thyroid disease in Moscow, a mild iodine-deficiency area, the authors examined a random sample of 1103 individuals (1004 females and 99 males) during 14 months. The examinees' age ranged from 17 to 80 years; the mean age was 36.7±14.

[Esophagoplasty in patients with the "waning" stomach or without the stomach].

An experience with 48 intrathoracic esophagoplasties in patients with "waning" stomach or its absence is generalized. The results obtained show that scarry-ulcerous damages of the pyloroduodenal and cardioesophageal portions, local surgical procedures, gastrostomy included, are not considered as deterrent factors for using the stomach as the plasty material for esophagoplasty. For the resected stomach or its absence the small intestine should be preferred in the formation of the anastomosis within the limits of the thoracic cavity and large intestine--when putting anastomosis on the neck.

[Possible complications of lymph node dissection in esophagus cancer and ways to prevent them].

The experiences with surgical treatment of esophagus cancer show that performing lymphodissection makes the operation more laborious and potentially results in the development of severe complications such as an injured recurrent nerve, chylothorax, higher risk of bleeding etc. Using their clinical experiences including 80 patients of the group of investigation and 194 patients of the control group, the authors describe methodological aspects of optimization of the operative intervention, possible complications and ways for their prevention. At the same time, the results of the treatment show that it is possible to avoid severe consequences of lymphodissection by means of adequate and purposeful prophylactics and timely elimination.

[Electroencephalographic correlates of schizophrenic type mental disorders at an early age in childhood].

Electroencephalographic study was performed in 30 children of 1-3 years old from the group with the high risk of schizophrenia. Clinical observation of the patients was performed in the period of EEG recording and follow-up study was also made during 10-12 years. Three groups of patients were picked out with the differences in both clinical and electrophysiologic indices.

[Specifics of the formation of the alpha rhythm in different areas of the cerebral cortex in young children].

The age-specific features of distribution of capacity density values of modally specific monoherz components of optic alpha-rhythm and their response rearrangements to light stimulus suggest that in 2-3-year-old children, alpha-rhythm appears as three monoherz segments in the range 6-9 Hz with their heterodirectional changes. At this age stage of brain functional maturation, the authors have identified the border of synchronous and spasmodic changes in the spectral coherent indices of bioelectric activity formation in the projection and associative regions of the brain, which corresponds to 14-15 months of life.

[Difficulties in the diagnosis of chronic toxoplasmosis with lung involvement].

A case of chronic acquired toxoplasmosis combined with lung impairment is described. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the data obtained as a result of the use of the latest clinical and instrumental research methods and a specific serologic test. The diagnosis was verified morphologically on thin sections of the sputum.

[EEg changes after removal of craniopharyngiomas in children].

Electroencephalograms (EEG) were studied after removal of craniopharyngioma in 75 children. Correlation of the character of ECG changes with the severity of the clinical condition was revealed. Maximally manifested pathological EEG activity of the central areas of the cortex and a phase character of the EEG changes with different duration of the phases determined by the patient's condition were common to all patients, irrespective of the severity of their condition which was determined by the degree of the pathological changes in the thalamo-hypothalamic structures.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of polychemotherapy of glial tumors of the brain].

A total of 85 courses of polychemotherapy were conducted in 23 patients after surgical treatment of malignant glial tumors. The efficacy of the treatment was checked by means of neurological, neuropsychological, and electroencephalographic methods of examination and radionuclide-gamma-tomography. The aggregate of these tests is necessary for detecting early signs of irresponsiveness of the tumor to chemotherapy and changing the treatment schedule.

[Ion-exchange sorption of calcium and strontium from blood and its plasma].

The authors explored the statics of Ca2+ and Sr2+ sorption from a saline, imitating the salt (mineral) composition of the blood plasma, and from blood plasma. As the plasma concentration was raised, there was a consistent decrease in ion sorption of KU = 2 X 8 cationite characteristic for M2+ complex formation in solution. Conventional constants for formation of complex compounds and mole proportions (%) of free (M2+) and complex forms (MLx-) metals were calculated.

[Echocardiographic diagnosis of the mitral valve cusp flotation syndrome].

The flotation of the mitral cusps is one of the forms of non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation due to disorders in the chordal fixation of the cusps. The authors have examined 26 patients with echocardiographic signs of flotation of the anterior or posterior mitral cusps. In 21 patients there was flotation of the posterior cusp and 5 had flotation of both the cusps.