Analysis of the epidemic situation of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection in Ukraine.

The epidemic process of COVID-19 in the world developed rapidly. The situation with morbidity, despite the establishment of quarantine, the introduction of restrictive anti-epidemic measures, and vaccination, remains difficult. The results of research on the influence of meteorological factors on the dynamics of the incidence of COVID-19, hospitalization, and mortality are ambiguous and contradictory.

Molecular Oligogermanes and Related Compounds: Structure, Optical and Semiconductor Properties.

The optical (UV/Vis absorbance, fluorescence in the solid state and in solution) and semiconducting properties of a number of di- and trigermanes as well as related silicon- and tin-containing germanes, 1-6 ((p-Tol) GeGeMe (1), Ph SnGe(SiMe ) (2), (C F ) GeGePh (3), (p-Tol) GeSiMe SiMe (4), (p-Tol) GeGeMe Ge(p-Tol) (5), (p-Tol) GeSiMe SiMe Ge(p-Tol) (6)) were investigated. Molecular structures of 5 and 6 were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds displayed luminescence properties.

Chronic exposure to endosulfan induces inflammation in murine colon via β-catenin expression and IL-6 production.

Endosulfan (ENDO) is a widely used organochlorine (OC) pesticide and persistent organo-pollutant. Epidemiological studies have shown that high levels of OC exposure were related to colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate histological changes in the colon, as well as in in situ expression of β-catenin and P-selectin, and serum levels of select pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice administered ENDO; there is a relationship between increased serum IL-6 and P-selectin levels in CRC patients and aberrant β-catenin signaling is important in initiation/maintenance of most CRCs.

Crystal structure of (tert-butyl-dimethyl-sil-yl)tri-phenyl-germane, Ph3Ge-SiMe2(t-Bu).

In the title compound, Ph3Ge-SiMe2(t-Bu) or C24H30GeSi, the Si and Ge atoms both possess a tetra-hedral coordination environment with C-E-C (E = Si, Ge) angles in the range 104.47 (5)-114.67 (5)°.

Aluminum complexes based on pyridine substituted alcohols: synthesis, structure, and catalytic application in ROP.

A series of substituted pyridine dialcohols (2,6-bis(hydroxyalkyl)pyridines), 1-4, was used for the synthesis of various types of aluminum complexes. Aluminum methyl derivatives, 2-4a, were obtained by the reaction of AlMe3 with the corresponding ligand or transmetallation reactions of germylenes. Aluminum chloride complexes, 3-4b, were obtained by substitution of the Me group under the action of chlorinating agents.

Crystal structure of 2,2,3,3-tetra-methyl-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexa-phenyl-tetra-germane.

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C40H42Ge4, lies with its central Ge-Ge bond on an inversion centre giving rise to a zigzag backbone of four tetra-hedrally coordinated Ge atoms. The symmetrically independent Ge-Ge bonds are slightly shorter than in other organo-tetra-germanes whereas the Ge-CPh (Ph = phen-yl) and Ge-CMe (Me = meth-yl) distances have their usual values. In the crystal, (010) layers of Ph6Me4Ge4 mol-ecules with a parallel orientation of the Ge4 backbone exist, held together by van der Waals forces only.

Endosulfan decreases cytotoxic activity of nonspecific cytotoxic cells and expression of granzyme gene in Oreochromis niloticus.

The effect of the organochlorinated insecticide endosulfan, on the cytotoxic activity of Nile tilapia nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) was assessed. Juvenile Nile tilapia were exposed to endosulfan (7 ppb) for 96 h and splenic NCC were isolated. Flow cytometric phenotyping of NCC was based on the detection of the NCC specific membrane signaling protein NCCRP-1 by using the monoclonal antibody Mab 5C6; granzyme expression was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR.

New oligogermane with a five coordinate germanium atom: the preparation of 1-germylgermatrane.

The first example of an oligogermane, N(CH2CH2O)3Ge-Ge(SiMe3)3 (1), containing a hypercoordinate germanium atom was prepared and characterized by various methods (NMR, UV/vis, and X-ray analysis). The electronic structure of compound 1 was investigated via DFT calculations.

{2,2'-[Ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo-methan-yl-yl-idene)]diphenolato}(iso-propano-lato)aluminium di-chloro-methane hemisolvate.

In the title compound, [Al(C16H14N2O2)(C3H7O)]·0.5CH2Cl2, the salen complex is monomeric and the dichlormethane solvent mol-ecule lies on a crystallographic twofold axis. The central Al atom is fivefold coordinated and possesses a square-based pyramidal environment.

Di-μ-oxido-bis-({2,2'-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo-methanylyl-idene)]diphenolato}titanium(IV)) chloro-form disolvate.

In the title compound, [Ti2(C16H14N2O2)2O2]·2CHCl3, the Ti(IV) atom in the centrosymmetric complex has a distorted octa-hedral N2O4 coordination environment and is linked via two μ2-oxido bridges into a dinuclear centrosymmetric com-plex, with a Ti⋯Ti separation of 2.7794 (8) Å. In the salen (N,N'-ethyl-enebis(salicyl-imine)) ligand, the two salicyl-imine units make a dihedral angle of 45.

6-Benzyl-2-methyl-1,3-bis-(penta-fluoro-phen-yl)-1,3,6,2-triaza-alumocane.

In the title compound, [Al(CH(3))(C(23)H(15)F(10)N(3))], the Al(III) atom is coordinated in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry by three N atoms from the tridentate amine and by one C atom of the methyl substituent. Further, there is a short intra-molecular Al⋯F contact [2.5717 (11) Å], leading to an overall distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment around Al(III).

Effects of low concentration of endosulfan on proliferation, ERK1/2 pathway, apoptosis and senescence in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) splenocytes.

Endosulfan is a potent organochlorinated pesticide that is known to induce side effects in aquatic organisms, including Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia). It has been previously shown that endosulfan induces oxidative stress and non-specific activation of splenic macrophages and exacerbated serum interleukin-2 synthesis in Nile tilapia. Endosulfan may promote proliferation of T cells through MAP kinase (MAPK) activated signal transductions.

Antitumoral activity of allicin in murine lymphoma L5178Y.

Epidemiological studies link increased garlic (Allium sativum) consumption with a reduced incidence of cancer in various human populations. Experimental carcinogenesis studies in animal models and in cell culture systems indicate that several allium-derived compounds exhibit inhibitory effects and that the underlying mechanisms may involve apoptosis. To provide a better understanding of the effects of allium derivatives regarding prevention of cancer, we examined antitumoral activity of allicin, a major component of garlic, in L5178Y lymphoma bearing mice.

Endosulfan increases seric interleukin-2 like (IL-2L) factor and immunoglobulin M (IgM) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Aeromona hydrophila.

Endosulfan is a persistent organochlorine insecticide which is extremely toxic to fish. It is known to induce immunological alterations in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) such as increases in phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species production of spleen macrophages. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the effects of acute exposure to a sublethal concentration of endosulfan (7 ppb, 96 h) on parameters of the adaptive humoral immune response of the aforementioned aquatic organism.

Crystal packing in the structures of diethanolamine derivatives.

Four distinct hydrogen-bonding topologies were observed in the structures of six diethanolamine ligands. These compounds are (1R*,2R*)-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino]-1,2-diphenylethanol, C(17)H(21)NO(2), (I), 1-[(2S)-2-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol, C(21)H(27)NO(2), (II), 2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino]-1,1-diphenylethanol, C(17)H(21)NO(2), (III), 1-{(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]amino}-2-methylpropan-2-ol, C(16)H(27)NO(2), (IV), 1-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl][(1S)-1-phenylethyl]amino}-2-methylpropan-2-ol, C(20)H(27)NO(2), (V), and (1R*,2S*)-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino]-1,2-diphenylethanol, C(17)H(21)NO(2), (VI). In each compound, all ;active' hydroxy H atoms are engaged in hydrogen bonding, but the N atoms are not involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Novel derivatives of hypervalent germanium: synthesis, structure, and stability.

Syntheses of a series of novel germanium complexes, viz. RN(CH(2)CH(2)NC(6)F(5))(2)GeHal(2) (, R = Me, Hal = Cl; , R = Me, Hal = Br; , R = PhCH(2), Hal = Cl; , R = PhCH(2), Hal = Br), as well as MeN[CH(2)(2-C(4)H(3)N)](2)GeHal(2) (, Hal = Cl; , Hal = Br), by the reaction of GeHal(4) with dilithium salts of corresponding triamines are presented. PhCH(2)N(CH(2)CH(2)NSiMe(3))(2)GeCl(2) () was prepared analogously from triamine .

[Assessment of in vitro immune response in a young population exposed to atmospheric contamination of Guadalajara].

Background: Atmospheric pollutants may cause alterations on health of persons exposed to urban environment.

Objective: To evaluate in vitro immunological response in young population exposed to different levels of atmospheric pollution.

Participants And Methods: The study was performed in two groups of young men, one from Guadalajara, and the other from Tlajomulco.

Oxidative stress in macrophages from spleen of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to sublethal concentration of endosulfan.

Endosulfan is a widely used insecticide with immunosuppressive or immunopotentiating effects which alters the immune response of fish. The effects of the acute exposure to endosulfan on a series of parameters of the innate immune response (IIR) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated-phagocytosis, production of oxygen reactive species, lipoperoxidation as well as spleen cell viability, relative spleen weight and splenocyte concentration-to fully document the effects of this pesticide on Nile tilapia. Juvenile Nile tilapia were exposed in vivo and for 96h to each one of nine concentrations of endosulfan in order to determine the pesticide's acute toxicity level and calculate the lethal concentration of endosulfan to these organisms (LC(50)=12,795ppb).

Effects of diazinon and diazoxon on the lymphoproliferation rate of splenocytes from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): the immunosuppresive effect could involve an increase in acetylcholine levels.

The lymphoproliferation rate of spleen cells from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to the organophosphorus pesticide diazinon, to its metabolite diazoxon and to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, was evaluated in order to explore the immunotoxic mechanism of action of this widely used insecticide. The lymphoproliferative response of spleen cells to mitogenic stimulus was not affected by either diazinon or diazoxon, indicating that these xenobiotic substances do not have direct immunotoxic properties. Conversely, ex vivo assays showed that spleen from fish exposed to diazinon presented a lower acetylcholinesterase activity and a higher acetylcholine concentration than non-exposed controls.

Benzyl N,N-bis[2-(pentafluoroanilino)ethyl]carbamate.

The title compound, C24H17F10N3O2, exhibits intramolecular N-H...

Immunotoxicity and hepatic function evaluation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to diazinon.

The LC(50) of the organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) diazinon to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was determined, thereafter, hepatic activity, phagocytic index, percentages of active cells, relative spleen weight, total IgM concentration and lymphoproliferation rates were compared between diazinon exposed groups (LC(50) and (1/2)LC(50)) and non-exposed control group. Experimental data show that diazinon is highly toxic for juvenile Nile tilapia (LC(50)=7.830 ppm) and presents immunotoxic properties which affect both the innate and cellular adaptive immune responses of this fish, as revealed by the fact that splenocyte proliferation and phagocytic indices were significantly decreased after acute exposure to the pesticide.

[Study of immunoglobulins, proinflammatory cytokines, lymphoproliferation and phagocytosis in peripheral blood of healthy young people exposed to different levels of atmospheric pollution].

Background: Urban environmental pollutants, resulting from the inadequate control in the industries and from the use of vehicles, still represent a great danger for millions of people all around the world.

Patients And Method: We made a study in healthy young people without family history of atopy that lived in Guadalajara's downtown, as well as in another group of young people who lived in a rural area. According to the census of the year 2000, Guadalajara city has a population of 4 million habitants, and a vehicle number of about a million.

A DFT investigation of alkyne bromination reactions.

[Structure: see text]. A DFT calculation study of the addition reaction between molecular bromine and the number of symmetrical or unsymmetrical substituted alkynes 1 (R-CC-R'), where R = R' = H (1a), Me (1b), t-Bu (1c), or Ph (1d), or R = H and R' = Me (1e), t-Bu (1f), or Ph (1g), was performed. Two possible reactions were checked: (a) the reactions suitable for the gas-phase interactions, which start from a 1:1 Br2-alkyne pi-complex and do not enter into a 2:1 Br2-alkyne pi-complex; and (b) the processes passing through a 2:1 Br2-alkyne pi-complex, which look more realistic for the reactions in solutions.

Synthesis, X-ray diffraction studies, and DFT calculations on hexacoordinated germanium derivatives: the case of germaspirobis(ocanes).

Synthesis of the title compounds, viz. [RN(CH2CHR'O)2]2Ge (1, R = Me, R' = H; 2, R = Me, R' = Ph; 3, R = Ph, R' = H), by the reaction of 2 equiv of corresponding dialkanolamines RN(CH2CHR'OH)2 (4, R = Me, R' = H; 5, R = Me, R' = Ph; 6, R = Ph, R' = H) with (AlkO)4Ge is reported. Composition and structures of all novel compounds were established by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as well as elemental analysis data.