Correction: Wiped out by an earthquake? The 'extinct' Taiwanese swallowtail butterfly (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) was morphologically and genetically distinct.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Description of a new species of the genus Polycaena Staudinger, 1886 (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae) from China with designation of lectotype of Polycaena lua Grum-Grshimailo, 1891.

A new species, Polycaena eckweileri sp. n., is described from Gansu Province, China.

Wiped out by an earthquake? The 'extinct' Taiwanese swallowtail butterfly (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) was morphologically and genetically distinct.

For the first time, we obtained for the first time a COI DNA barcode from museum specimens of the Old World swallowtail butterfly endemic to Taiwan, Papilio machaon ssp. sylvina, that has disappeared since the devastating Jiji earthquake in 1999 that shook Central Taiwan. We demonstrate that this population was not only phenotypically distinct, but also had a unique mitochondrial haplotype among all other Holarctic populations of P.

Phylogeography of Two Enigmatic Sulphur Butterflies, Alphéraky, 1897 and Staudinger, 1897 (Lepidoptera, Pieridae), with Relations to Infection.

The genus Fabricius, 1807 includes numerous taxa and forms with uncertain status and taxonomic position. Among such taxa are Alphéraky, 1897 and Staudinger, 1897, interpreted in the literature either as conspecific forms, as subspecies of different but morphologically somewhat similar species or as distinct species-level taxa. Based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers, we reconstructed a phylogeographic pattern of the taxa in question.

DNA Barcoding of the Palaearctic Elfin Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) with a Description of Four New Species from Vietnam.

Phylogenetic analysis is provided for the first time for 12 species of Palaearctic elfin butterflies, members of the previously recognized genera Bryk, 1947, Johnson, 1992, and Johnson, 1992, based on the barcoding region of the mitochondrial gene (). Comparison of the barcodes revealed very low levels of genetic divergence between the species of the Palaearctic elfin butterflies and Billberg, 1820 sensu stricto. -based phylogeny revealed that Palaearctic and the Palaearctic elfin butterflies, except , are polyphyletic.