Mechanisms and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder characterized by abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and elevated fasting blood glucose levels. The diagnostic criteria for MetS in adults are well-established, but there is currently no consensus on the definition in children and adolescents. The etiology of MetS is believed to involve a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors.

Hemophagocytic inflammatory syndrome in ADA-SCID: report of two cases and literature review.

Hemophagocytic inflammatory syndrome (HIS) is a rare form of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by an impaired equilibrium between natural killer and cytotoxic T-cell activity, evolving in hypercytokinemia and multiorgan failure. In the context of inborn errors of immunity, HIS occurrence has been reported in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients, including two cases of adenosine deaminase deficient-SCID (ADA-SCID). Here we describe two additional pediatric cases of ADA-SCID patients who developed HIS.

Acute kidney injury in patients with acute decompensated heart failure-cardiogenic shock: Prevalence, risk factors and outcome.

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) represents a major complication of acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock (CS). There is a paucity of data on AKI complicating acutely decompensated heart failure patients presenting with CS (ADHF-CS). We aimed to investigate AKI prevalence, risk factors and outcomes in this subgroup of patients.