Minimizing anti-nutritional factors in wet protein extraction from Swedish faba beans through the application of response surface methodology.

Faba beans, rich in protein and ideal for Swedish cultivation, are limited in food industry use due to anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) that hinder nutrient absorption. An extraction method was developed in our study to mitigate ANFs in faba beans, using aqueous alkaline methods and isoelectric precipitation with differential salt concentration. This method yielded 15.

Fish and Seafood Safety: Human Exposure to Toxic Metals from the Aquatic Environment and Fish in Central Asia.

Toxic metals that are released into aquatic environments from natural and anthropogenic sources are absorbed by aquatic organisms and may threaten the health of both aquatic organisms and humans. Despite this, there have been limited studies on the metal concentrations in fish and humans in Central Asia. This study summarizes the presence of the toxic metals arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in aquatic bodies, fish, and seafood products and conducts a risk assessment.

Buckwheat: an underutilized crop with attractive sensory qualities and health benefits.

The pseudocereal buckwheat is one of the ancient domesticated crops. The aim of the present review was to outline the potential of buckwheat as an agricultural crop and brings studies on buckwheat into a new larger perspective combining current knowledge in agricultural history and practice, nutritional and sensory properties, as well as possible benefits to human health. Historically, buckwheat was an appreciated crop because of its short growth period, moderate requirements for growth conditions, and high adaptability to adverse environments.

Potential and limitations of rabbit meat in maintaining food security in Ukraine.

The aim of the present review was to assess whether rabbit meat production can help to improve food security in Ukraine and whether it can make a meaningful contribution to the national economy. Rabbit meat is a nutrient-rich and affordable food with a lower environmental impact than red meat from cattle or sheep. Rabbit meat is considered healthy, as it is lower in fat, cholesterol and sodium than other types of meat, and rich in protein.

Effect of a diet rich in galactose or fructose, with or without fructooligosaccharides, on gut microbiota composition in rats.

Recent studies suggest that a diet rich in sugars significantly affects the gut microbiota. Adverse metabolic effects of sugars may partly be mediated by alterations of gut microbiota and gut health parameters, but experimental evidence is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the effects of high intake of fructose or galactose, with/without fructooligosaccharides (FOS), on gut microbiota composition in rats and explored the association between gut microbiota and low-grade systemic inflammation.

Self-reported consumption frequency of meat and fish products among young adults in Kazakhstan.

Meat and dairy products are important ingredients in Kazakhstan, although there are indications that high consumption of red and processed meat is associated with a risk of several non-communicable diseases and has an adverse impact on the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary habits of young adults in Kazakhstan, particularly meat and fish consumption frequency among university students in five regions of Kazakhstan. The assessment of meat and fish consumption was based on the food frequency questionnaire.

Curcumin and quercetin modify warfarin-induced regulation of porcine CYP1A2 and CYP3A expression and activity .

The anticoagulant drug warfarin is used treat atrial fibrillation. Several cases of drug-drug and drug-food interactions have been reported for warfarin.The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between simultaneous administration of warfarin with the two ubiquitous flavonoids quercetin and curcumin.

Perinatal exposure to a human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants: Effects on mammary gland development, ovarian folliculogenesis and liver in CD-1 mice.

The ability of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with endocrine disrupting properties to interfere with the developing reproductive system is of increasing concern. POPs are transferred from dams to offspring and the high sensitivity of neonates to endocrine disturbances may be caused by underdeveloped systems of metabolism and excretion. The present study aimed to characterize the effect of in utero and lactational exposure to a human relevant mixture of POPs on the female mammary gland, ovarian folliculogenesis and liver function in CD-1 offspring mice.

Chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites.

This study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2.

Cadmium, total mercury, and lead in blood and associations with diet, sociodemographic factors, and smoking in Swedish adolescents.

Background: Despite their vulnerability to the toxic effects of certain metals, biomonitoring data on adolescents are limited. In the present study, we assessed blood concentrations of toxic metals (cadmium [Cd], total mercury [Hg], and lead [Pb] in a national representative sample of Swedish adolescents. We also examined the associations of Cd, total Hg and Pb with habitual intakes of major energy-providing food groups and other possible determinants such as age, sex, household education, Nordic or non-Nordic origin, and smoking.

Effects of High Intakes of Fructose and Galactose, with or without Added Fructooligosaccharides, on Metabolic Factors, Inflammation, and Gut Integrity in a Rat Model.

Scope: A high fructose and galactose intake show adverse metabolic effects in animal models and in humans, but it is yet unknown if addition of fermentable dietary fiber can mitigate such effects. This study investigate the effects of high intakes of fructose and galactose, with/without added fructooligosaccharides (FOS), on metabolic factors, inflammation, and gut integrity markers in rats.

Methods And Results: Rats (n = 6/group) receive different carbohydrates at isocaloric conditions for 12 weeks as follows: 1) starch (control), 2) fructose, 3) galactose, 4) starch + FOS (FOS control), 5) fructose + FOS, and 6) galactose + FOS, together with a high amount of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) in all diets except for in 7) starch + olive oil (negative control).

Tissue-specific expression and activity of cytochrome P450 1A and 3A in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Piscine cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Xenobiotics often act as inducers of CYP1A1 and CYP3A expression and activity in fish. We compared constitutive mRNA expression of CYP1A1, CYP3A27, and CYP3A45 and catalytic activity of CYP1A (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation, EROD) and CYP3A-like (benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-O-debenzyloxylation, BFCOD) enzymes in the following six rainbow trout tissues: liver, gill, heart, brain, intestine, and gonad.

Erratum: Aluwé, M. et al. Exploratory Survey on European Consumer and Stakeholder Attitudes towards Alternatives for Surgical Castration of Piglets. 2020, , 1758.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

Strategies to Meet Nutritional Requirements and Reduce Boar Taint in Meat from Entire Male Pigs and Immunocastrates.

This paper reviews the current knowledge on the nutritional requirements of entire male and immunocastrated pigs to obtain an efficient growth, low boar taint level, and good carcass and meat quality. We present the reasons for offering entire males ad libitum access to the diets in order to optimize their protein deposition potential. Boar taint is one of the major issues in the production of entire males; therefore, the impact of various skatole- and indole-reducing feed ingredients is discussed regarding their efficiency and the possible mechanism affecting skatole and indole production in the hindgut.

In Vitro Metabolic Transformation of Pharmaceuticals by Hepatic S9 Fractions from Common Carp .

Water from wastewater treatment plants contains concentrations of pharmaceutically active compounds as high as micrograms per liter, which can adversely affect fish health and behavior, and contaminate the food chain. Here, we tested the ability of the common carp hepatic S9 fraction to produce the main metabolites from citalopram, metoprolol, sertraline, and venlafaxine. Metabolism in fish S9 fractions was compared to that in sheep.

High-Meat-Protein High-Fat Diet Induced Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolism in Wistar Rats.

Meat-diet-induced changes in gut microbiota are often accompanied with the development of various metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The exact biochemical mechanism underlying these effects is not well elucidated. This study aims to evaluate how meat proteins in high-fat diets affect tryptophan metabolism in rats.

Fatty acid composition of salted and fermented products from Baikal omul ().

The fatty acid (FA) composition of raw, salted, and fermented fish products prepared from two populations of Baikal omul () was determined. Total lipid content in the raw, salted, and fermented fish products was 3.85, 4.

In vitro investigations of the metabolism of Victoria pure blue BO dye to identify main metabolites for food control in fish.

Although banned, dyes, such as Victoria pure blue BO (VPBO), are illicitly used in aquaculture to treat or prevent infections due to their therapeutic activities. The present study examined the formation of phase I and phase II metabolites derived from VPBO using trout liver microsomes and S9 proteins. The well-known malachite green (MG) dye was also studied as a positive control and to compare its metabolism with that of VPBO.

Consumption of whole grain/bran rye instead of refined wheat decrease concentrations of TNF-R2, e-selectin, and endostatin in an exploratory study in men with prostate cancer.

Background & Aims: Rye consumption has shown beneficial effects on prostate cancer tumors, as indicated by slower initial tumor growth in animal models and lowering of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in humans. This study evaluated the effects of whole grain/bran rye consumption on low-grade inflammation and endothelial function biomarkers in men with prostate cancer.

Methods: Seventeen men with untreated, low-grade prostate cancer consumed 485 g rye whole grain and bran products (RP) per day or refined wheat products with added cellulose (WP) in a randomized crossover design.

End-product inhibition of skatole-metabolising enzymes CYP1A, CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 in porcine and piscine hepatic microsomes.

The hepatic cytochrome p450 enzymes 1 A, 2A19 and 2E1 is very important for the elimination of skatole from the body of pigs. Impaired skatole metabolism, results in skatole accumulation, which give rise to off flavor of the meat. Several metabolites of skatole has been identified, however the role of these metabolites in the inhibition of the skatole metabolizing enzymes are not documented.

Porcine cytochrome 2A19 and 2E1.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a major group of enzymes, which conduct Phase I metabolism. Among commonly used animal models, the pig has been suggested as the most suitable model for investigating drug metabolism in human beings. Moreover, porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 are responsible for the biotransformation of both endogenous and exogenous compounds such as 3-methylindole (skatole), sex hormones and food compounds.

Complex effects of pollution on fish in major rivers in the Czech Republic.

Monitoring the contamination level in aquatic environments and assessing the impact on aquatic life occurs throughout the world. In the present study, an approach based on a combination of biomarkers and the distribution of various industrial and municipal pollutants was used to investigate the effect of aquatic environmental contamination on fish. Monitoring was performed in ten rivers in the Czech Republic (Berounka, Dyje, Elbe, Lužnice, Odra, Ohře, Otava, Sázava, Svratka, and Vltava rivers, with one or two locations in each river) at the same sites that were regularly monitored within the Czech National Monitoring Program in 2007-2011.

CYP1A1 activity in rainbow trout is inhibited by the environmental pollutant p-cresol.

Naturally- and anthropogenically-produced cresols could pose serious risks to fish health. In this study, three piscine CYP isoforms were investigated for their abilities to interact with p-cresol. Therefore, the activity of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin O-debenzylase (BFCOD), and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (PNPH) were evaluated in the hepatic microsomes of juvenile rainbow trout.

Biomarker response, health indicators, and intestinal microbiome composition in wild brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario L.) exposed to a sewage treatment plant effluent-dominated stream.

Concerns about the effect of sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent on the health of freshwater ecosystems have increased. In this study, a unique approach was designed to show the effect of an STP effluent-dominated stream on native wild brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) exposed under fully natural conditions.