The Effect of Patient Positioning on Ureteral Efflux During Intraoperative Cystoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Objective: To identify the relationship between patient position during surgery and time to confirmation of ureteral patency on cystoscopy.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Academic tertiary care medical center.

The surgical gender gap: the impact of surgeon gender in medicine and gynecologic surgery.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature evaluating the effect of surgeon gender on patient outcomes and satisfaction, and the impact of gender bias on female surgeons.

Recent Findings: The proportion of female physicians has increased in recent years, especially in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Recent literature assessing this impact supports equivalent or superior medical and surgical outcomes for women surgeons and physicians.

Interventional Fairness with Indirect Knowledge of Unobserved Protected Attributes.

The deployment of machine learning (ML) systems in applications with societal impact has motivated the study of fairness for marginalized groups. Often, the protected attribute is absent from the training dataset for legal reasons. However, datasets still contain proxy attributes that capture protected information and can inject unfairness in the ML model.

Superinfection of mature ovarian cystic teratoma in a child: An unusual presentation.

Mature cystic teratoma is the most common type of ovarian germ cell tumor. The presentation ranges from its asymptomatic nature to various complications such as torsion, rupture, and malignant change. The present case summarizes the rarest complication in the form of superinfection in a young girl without preexisting risk factors.

Assessment of Obstetric and Gynecologic Food and Drug Administration Device Approvals and Recalls.

Study Objective: To evaluate and compare the recall rates of obstetric and gynecologic devices approved via the Food and Drug Administration's 510(k) and premarket approval (PMA) processes.

Design: A retrospective observational study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting: Clinical settings in the United States that use obstetric and gynecologic devices.

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Methicillin-resistant colonizing the anterior nares of health-care workers and outpatients attending the remotely located tertiary care hospital of North India.

Introduction: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a major concern worldwide and is exemplified by the global spread of the Methicillin resistant (MRSA). Health care workers (HCWs) and asymptomatically colonized patients are important sources of nosocomial MRSA infections.

Aims And Objectives: To determine the prevalence of MRSA colonisation, two hundred HCWs and 200 consecutive outpatients attending our tertiary care hospital were studied.

Quantitative nucleic acid amplification methods and their implications in clinical virology.

Recently, a number of techniques have been approved for quantification of viral nucleic acids in clinical samples. Viral load (VL) tests have considerable importance in the management of patients and are widely used in routine diagnosis. In clinical virology, VL testing are important to monitor the antiviral treatment, to initiate preemptive therapy, to understand pathogenesis, and to evaluate the infectivity.

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection in hemodialysis patients: A retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital of North India.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections represent significant public health issues globally. They are important causes of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Patients with HBV/HCV co-infection have a higher risk of progression to cirrhosis and decompensated liver disease and have an increased risk of hepatocellular cancer (HCC).

Outbreak of scrub typhus in North India: a re-emerging epidemic.

Scrub typhus is re-emerging in India. We describe an outbreak of 45 cases from our tertiary care center in north India. This outbreak included city dwellers who had no history of travel to hilly areas.

Turing-Hopf instabilities through a combination of diffusion, advection, and finite size effects.

We show that in a reaction diffusion system on a two-dimensional substrate with advection in the confined direction, the drift (advection) induced instability occurs through a Hopf bifurcation, which can become a double Hopf bifurcation. The box size in the direction of the drift is a vital parameter. Our analysis involves reduction to a low dimensional dynamical system and constructing amplitude equations.

A 5-year analysis of rapid response system activation at an in-hospital haemodialysis unit.

Objective: To study the incidence, patient and event characteristics, and outcome of rapid response system (RRS) activation on an in-hospital haemodialysis unit.

Design: Retrospective review of all RRS events on an in-hospital 10-bed haemodialysis unit over a 64-month period (November 2001 to February 2007).

Setting: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, a 730-bed academic, urban, tertiary care adult hospital in the USA.

Improving primary percutaneous coronary intervention performance in an urban minority population using a quality improvement approach.

It has been well established that there are racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular care. Quality improvement initiatives have been recommended to proactively address these disparities. An initiative was implemented to improve timeliness of and access to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures among myocardial infarction patients at an academic medical center serving a predominantly minority population.

Analysis of major complications associated with arterial catheterisation.

Introduction: Arterial catheterisation is used for continuous haemodynamic monitoring in patients undergoing surgery and in critical care units. Although it is considered a safe procedure, a major complication such as arterial occlusion and limb gangrene can occur.

Objective: To determine the incidence, outcome and potential to avoid complications associated with arterial catheterisation.

Migration of the Günther Tulip inferior vena cava filter to the chest.

The authors describe two cases in which Günther Tulip inferior vena cava filters migrated to the chest, necessitating open-heart surgery for retrieval. In the first case, a 52-year-old man was transferred to their hospital from an outside facility after the filter migrated to the main pulmonary artery during attempted filter placement. In the second case, a 72-year-old man, a Günther Tulip filter was found to have migrated to the tricuspid valve after cardiopulmonary arrest and subsequent resuscitation, including emergent central venous line placement.

Mature rapid response system and potentially avoidable cardiopulmonary arrests in hospital.

Objective: To study the incidence, outcome and potentially avoidable causes of inpatient cardiopulmonary arrests in a hospital with a "mature" rapid response system (RRS).

Design: Retrospective observational study of all cardiopulmonary arrest events in 2005.

Setting: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, a 730-bed academic, urban, tertiary care adult hospital in the USA.

Findings of the first consensus conference on medical emergency teams.

Background: Studies have established that physiologic instability and services mismatching precede adverse events in hospitalized patients. In response to these considerations, the concept of a Rapid Response System (RRS) has emerged. The responding team is commonly known as a medical emergency team (MET), rapid response team (RRT), or critical care outreach (CCO).

Medical emergency teams: a strategy for improving patient care and nursing work environments.

Aim: This paper reports a study of nurses' perceptions about medical emergency teams and their impact on patient care and the nursing work environment.

Background: In many acute care hospitals, nurses can summon emergency help by calling a medical emergency team, which is a team of expert critical care professionals adept at handling patient crisis scenarios. Critical care nurses form the core of such teams.

Impact of patient monitoring on the diurnal pattern of medical emergency team activation.

Objective: To study the impact of time of day, day of week and level of patient monitoring on medical emergency team (MET) activation.

Design: Retrospective observational study of all MET and cardiac arrest events between October 2001 and March 2005.

Setting: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, a tertiary care teaching facility in the United States.

Three-dimensional magnetic resonance images of the brain: application to neurosurgical planning.

Data from single 10-minute magnetic resonance scans were used to create three-dimensional (3-D) views of the surfaces of the brain and skin of 12 patients. In each case, these views were used to make a preoperative assessment of the relationship of lesions to brain surface structures associated with movement, sensation, hearing, and speech. Interactive software was written so that the user could "slice" through the 3-D computer model and inspect cross-sectional images at any level.

The brain: integrated three-dimensional display of MR and PET images.

Three patients with intractable epilepsy, two with brain tumors, and one with encephalitis were imaged with magnetic resonance (MR) and positron emission tomography (PET). MR data were used to construct a three-dimensional (3D) computer model of the brain surface depicting the precentral (movement), postcentral (sensation), left inferior frontal (speech), and left superior temporal (hearing) gyri. PET-derived measurements of average surface metabolism were encoded as colors and mapped onto the 3D model by means of a retrospective technique for registering the two scans.