Publications by authors named "Gale Spencer"

Background: Literature has recognized deficient knowledge of transgender or gender diverse (TGD) patient needs that can negatively affect health care. Prior research on education has shown little progress responsive to TGD health care needs from nursing. Findings from this demonstrate some improvement, however slight.

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Objectives: In 2019 the United States experienced the largest outbreak of measles in 27 years, 19 years after the United States declared measles eliminated. The purpose of this paper was to present a population study of a measles outbreak within Orthodox Jewish communities in New York that led to the elimination of religious exemption for school mandated vaccines.

Methods: Peer reviewed articles, news media, health department, and government resources were used to investigate environmental factors that led to this outbreak.

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Background: Disparities in health care among lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) communities have been researched in primary care, but few have examined these phenomena among LGBT inpatients.

Methods: Descriptive correlational study. A questionnaire was emailed to an LGBT population for a total of 508 participants.

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Nursing literature has recognized deficits in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer-specific care. Of particular concern is lack of knowledge about gender minorities. Lack of knowledge remains despite this populations' increased health disparities.

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HIV is a preventable infection. Effective HIV prevention interventions, which include routine HIV screening, have reduced HIV transmission. As health care providers, nurse practitioners (NPs) have a role in screening for HIV.

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Background And Purpose: HIV/AIDS is a significant public health issue for individuals living in the United States. Federal agencies and key stakeholders recommend routine HIV/AIDS screening among individuals aged 13-64 of age, yet few studies focus on the nurse practitioner's (NP) perspective. The purpose of this study was to examine routine HIV screening intentions, behaviors, and practices using a national sample of NPs.

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Asthma rates are increasing in children. School nurses have opportunities to care for children with asthma but need to overcome barriers impacting their ability to manage asthma in the school setting. This study (a) assessed barriers present in the school setting, (b) determined the impact of barriers on performance of asthma management behaviors, and (c) determined the impact of barriers on importance ratings of asthma management behaviors, asthma self-efficacy, and asthma attitudes (N = 537).

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Objectives: Delirium is a common, serious and potentially life-threatening syndrome affecting older adults. This syndrome continues to be under-recognised and under treated by healthcare professionals across all care settings. Older adults who develop delirium have poorer outcomes, higher mortality and higher care costs.

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Ten million children in the United States have asthma. Since children are in school about 6 hr a day, school nurses are positioned to intervene and influence asthma outcomes. A descriptive correlational study was designed to investigate performance of school nurses' asthma management behaviors in relationship to asthma knowledge, asthma attitude, asthma self-efficacy, and rating of importance of asthma management behaviors.

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This study explored Magnet Chief Nursing Officers' cues-to-action initiating lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT)-specific policies. Homonegativity has a negative effect on employee recruitment and retention and patient satisfaction. Little has been known about what cues-to-action might initiate LGBT inclusive training.

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Objective: This study explored Magnet® hospital chief nursing officers' (CNOs') attitudes toward gays and lesbians and the impact that these attitudes have on providing advocacy for lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) patients and staff.

Background: Homonegativity encompasses both heterosexism and homophobia and has profound effects on the health of LGBT populations. Little has been reported about the attitudes of CNOs toward LGBT populations and how these might impact advocacy for LGBT healthcare.

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Aim: To assess the relationship between perceived social control/personal control and functional health status among older adults in rural and urban Taiwan.

Background: The ageing of the population is poised to emerge as a preeminent worldwide phenomenon. It is assumed that even though older adults experience many decades of autonomy and independence, the potential for illness or bodily decline will induce a serious reduction in the level of perceived control in older adult populations.

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Purpose: To examine factors that influence nurse practitioners' (NPs) ability to incorporate universal domestic violence screening practices (e.g., asking, identifying, referring and reporting) into their practices.

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This study describes differences in health risk behaviors among 2,017 adolescents attending rural, suburban, and urban school districts in upstate New York. Differences in risk behaviors regarding use of tobacco, alcohol, and illegal substances; sexual activity; and carrying weapons were analyzed. A consistent pattern emerged from the analysis of the data, with rural students at most risk.

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