Easing the Burden on Caregivers- Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Physicians and Caregivers of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective: Many caregivers of children with cleft lip and palate experience a high level of anxiety throughout their child's medical and surgical care. We aim to evaluate artificial intelligence (AI) as a tool to mitigate these feelings and can aid clinicians in the development of robust pediatric educational materials for caregivers and families.

Design: Thirteen of the most common postoperative questions following cleft lip and/or palate repair were developed by an expert panel of senior Pediatric Plastic Surgeons and were posed to ChatGPT.

Geographic Differences in Patient Demographics and Performance of Gender-Affirming Surgery From 2016 to 2019.

Background: Although legislation prohibiting gender identity discrimination in health insurance has shown some improvement in insurance coverage for gender-affirming surgery (GAS), recent bills criminalizing GAS providers in the South and Midwest regions pose threats to patient care.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of US census region on patient demographics and GAS rates in the ambulatory surgery setting.

Methods: Individuals with gender dysphoria who underwent GAS in the ambulatory setting from 2016 to 2019 were identified in the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample (NASS) with billing codes.

National patterns in the use of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, tenth revision Z codes in ambulatory surgery from 2016 to 2019.

Background: In the tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Disease and Health Related Problems (ICD-10), Z codes were added to improve documentation and understanding of health-related social needs. We estimated national Z code use in the ambulatory surgery setting from 2016 to 2019.

Methods: Using the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample (NASS), we identified encounters for ambulatory surgery with an ICD-10 code between Z55.

Surviving an Extensive Burn Injury Using Advanced Skin Replacement Technologies.

There have been significant improvements in the technology available for treating extensive burns in the past decade. This case presents two unique, skin replacement technologies that were used to treat an 86% surface area flame burn in a pediatric patient. A temporary dermal replacement, known as "Novosorb™ Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix" was first used to stabilize the burn injury and remained in place for approximately 3 months.

To Admit or Not to Admit: That is the Cleft Lip Question. Confirming the Safety of Outpatient Cleft Lip Repair.

Background: There is no accepted protocol for inpatient versus ambulatory cleft lip surgery. The aim of this study was to review the safety of outpatient repair and develop guidelines.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients younger than 2 years undergoing primary cleft lip repair from 2008 to 2015 at six centers was performed.

Liposomal Bupivacaine in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction.

Purpose: This study evaluates the role of liposomal bupivacaine in implant-based breast reconstruction.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blind trial of liposomal bupivacaine in implant-based breast reconstruction was performed. Patients in the control arm were treated with 20 mL 0.

Risk factors and outcomes of cutaneous melanoma in women less than 50 years of age.

Background: Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in the United States, with recent reports indicating increasing incidence among young women.

Objective: This study sought to investigate histopathology, staging, risk factors, and outcomes of cutaneous melanoma in women younger than 50 years.

Methods: All female patients aged up to 49 years with biopsy-proven diagnosis of melanoma between 1988 and 2012 were included.

Microcirculatory effect of topical vapocoolants.

Background: Vapocoolant sprays are commonly used to minimize pain following minor interventions such as venipuncture, shave biopsy or needle insertion. Although these sprays have been widely used in clinical practice, little is known about their effect on microcirculation or cutaneous blood flow.

Objective: To evaluate the real-time effect of a topical vapocoolant using a well-established, rat cremaster muscle microcirculatory model, allowing direct measurement of changes in vessel diameter, capillary density and leukocyte behaviour.

Laparoscopic management of small bowel obstruction with associated intestinal ischemia.

Obstruction is the most common surgical disorder of the small bowel. Complete small bowel obstruction (SBO) is usually treated surgically because bowel strangulation cannot be excluded with certainty. Acute SBO has been previously considered a relative contraindication for laparoscopic management especially due to the laparotomy conversion rate.

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair for thoracic aortic mobile thrombus.

Thoracic aortic mobile thrombus is a rare and significant source of peripheral, visceral, as well as cerebral emboli. A 51-year-old female with a history of emergency left brachial artery embolectomy 5 months previously was referred to our unit for evaluation of a mobile thrombus in the descending thoracic aorta. We describe the successful primary treatment of a symptomatic mobile thrombus in the thoracic aorta by using a stent graft.