Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Isolation and Induction of Acute and Replicative Senescence.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population of non-hematopoietic adult stem cells derived from the embryonic mesoderm. They possess self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capabilities, allowing them to give rise to mesodermal cell types, such as osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and adipocytes, as well as non-mesodermal cells, including neuron-like cells and endothelial cells. MSCs play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis across various tissues by facilitating tissue repair, immune regulation, and inflammatory response balance.

Methods to Detect and Compare Cellular and Mitochondrial Changes in Senescent and Healthy Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Cellular senescence is a multifaceted process marked by irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to stressors such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, and telomere shortening, leading to significant cellular and mitochondrial alterations. These changes impact mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) function, affecting their differentiation, self-renewal, and regenerative abilities. Senescent MSCs adopt the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), characterized by the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors that propagate senescence to neighboring cells.

IGFBP7 is a key component of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that induces senescence in healthy cells by modulating the insulin, IGF, and activin A pathways.

Senescent cells exert their effects through the release of various factors, collectively referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP can induce senescence in healthy cells (secondary senescence), modulate immune system function, reshape the extracellular matrix, and facilitate cancer progression.Among SASP components, certain factors act as key regulators in the induction of secondary senescence.

Osteosarcoma in a ceRNET perspective.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent and fatal type of bone tumor. It is characterized by great heterogeneity of genomic aberrations, mutated genes, and cell types contribution, making therapy and patients management particularly challenging. A unifying picture of molecular mechanisms underlying the disease could help to transform those challenges into opportunities.

Multipotent/pluripotent stem cell populations in stromal tissues and peripheral blood: exploring diversity, potential, and therapeutic applications.

The concept of "stemness" incorporates the molecular mechanisms that regulate the unlimited self-regenerative potential typical of undifferentiated primitive cells. These cells possess the unique ability to navigate the cell cycle, transitioning in and out of the quiescent G0 phase, and hold the capacity to generate diverse cell phenotypes. Stem cells, as undifferentiated precursors endow with extraordinary regenerative capabilities, exhibit a heterogeneous and tissue-specific distribution throughout the human body.

Germicidal lamps using UV-C radiation may pose health safety issues: a biomolecular analysis of their effects on apoptosis and senescence.

The battle against the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a heightened state of vigilance in global healthcare, leading to the proliferation of diverse sanitization methods. Among these approaches, germicidal lamps utilizing ultraviolet (UV) rays, particularly UV-C (wavelength ranging from 280 to 100 nm), have gained prominence for domestic use. These light-emitting diode (LED) lamps are designed to sanitize the air, objects, and surfaces.

Circulating microRNAs in Cancer: A 5-Year Update with a Focus on Breast and Lung Cancers.

Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs found in different bodily fluids and are highly investigated for their prognostic potential and biological role in cancer. In this narrative review, we provide an update of the last five years' published papers (2018-2023) on PubMed about c-miRNAs in cancer research. We aim to capture the latest research interests in terms of the highly studied cancers and the insights about c-miRNAs.

IGFBP5 is released by senescent cells and is internalized by healthy cells, promoting their senescence through interaction with retinoic receptors.

Cells that are exposed to harmful genetic damage, either from internal or external sources, may undergo senescence if they are unable to repair their DNA. Senescence, characterized by a state of irreversible growth arrest, can spread to neighboring cells through a process known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This phenomenon contributes to both aging and the development of cancer.

Meta-analysis of senescent cell secretomes to identify common and specific features of the different senescent phenotypes: a tool for developing new senotherapeutics.

DNA damage resulting from genotoxic injury can initiate cellular senescence, a state characterized by alterations in cellular metabolism, lysosomal activity, and the secretion of factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescence can have beneficial effects on our bodies, such as anti-cancer properties, wound healing, and tissue development, which are attributed to the SASP produced by senescent cells in their intermediate stages. However, senescence can also promote cancer and aging, primarily due to the pro-inflammatory activity of SASP.

Plasma Exosomal microRNA Profile Reveals miRNA 148a-3p Downregulation in the Mucosal-Dominant Variant of Pemphigus Vulgaris.

The mucosal-dominant variant of pemphigus vulgaris (MPV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by oral mucosal blistering and circulating pathogenic IgG antibodies against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), resulting in life-threatening bullae and erosion formation. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising players in the diagnosis and prognosis of several pathological states. For the first time, we have identified a different expression profile of miRNAs isolated from plasma-derived exosomes (P-EVs) of MPV patients positive for antibodies against Dsg3 (Dsg3-positive) compared to healthy controls.

Senescence induces fundamental changes in the secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs): implications for the therapeutic use of MSCs and their derivates.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population containing multipotent adult stem cells with a multi-lineage differentiation capacity, which differentiated into mesodermal derivatives. MSCs are employed for therapeutic purposes and several investigations have demonstrated that the positive effects of MSC transplants are due to the capacity of MSCs to modulate tissue homeostasis and repair via the activity of their secretome. Indeed, the MSC-derived secretomes are now an alternative strategy to cell transplantation due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and regenerative effects.

An Example of Neuro-Glial Commitment and Differentiation of Muse Stem Cells Obtained from Patients with -Related Neural Disorder: A Possible New Cell-Based Disease Model.

Although adult stem cells may be useful for studying tissue-specific diseases, they cannot be used as a general model for investigating human illnesses given their limited differentiation potential. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) stem cells, a SSEA3(+) cell population isolated from mesenchymal stromal cells, fat, and skin fibroblasts, may be able to overcome that restriction. The Muse cells present in fibroblast cultures obtained from biopsies of patients' skin may be differentiated into cells of interest for analyzing diseases.

Progression of irradiated mesenchymal stromal cells from early to late senescence: Changes in SASP composition and anti-tumour properties.

Genotoxic injuries converge on senescence-executive program that promotes production of a senescence-specific secretome (SASP). The study of SASP is particularly intriguing, since through it a senescence process, triggered in a few cells, can spread to many other cells and produce either beneficial or negative consequences for health. We analysed the SASP of quiescent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) following stress induced premature senescence (SIPS) by ionizing radiation exposure.

Role of glycosphingolipid SSEA-3 and FGF2 in the stemness and lineage commitment of multilineage differentiating stress enduring (MUSE) cells.

Objectives: Multilineage differentiating Stress Enduring (MUSE) cells are endogenous, stress-resistant stem cells, expressing pluripotency master genes and able to differentiate in cells of the three embryonic sheets. Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen 3 (SSEA-3), a glycosphingolipid (GSL), is the marker for identifying MUSE cells and is used to isolate this population from mesenchymal stromal cells. GSLs modulate signal transduction by interacting with plasma membrane components.

Environmental microplastics (EMPs) exposure alter the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stromal cells.

Humans are exposed to environmental microplastic (MPs) that can be frequent in surrounding environment. The mesenchymal stromal cells are a heterogeneous population, which contain fibroblasts and stromal cells, progenitor cells and stem cells. They are part of the stromal component of most tissue and organs in our organisms.

The Mediterranean Diet: An Update of the Clinical Trials.

The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is a term used to identify a dietary pattern originating from the unique multi-millennial interplay between natural food resources and the eating practices of people living in the Mediterranean basin. Scientific evidence has described the healthy properties of the MedDiet and its beneficial role in several pathological conditions. Nevertheless, current socio-economic trends have moved people away from this healthy lifestyle.

The Emerging Role of Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Potential Impact of Oxidative Stress and Extracellular Vesicle on Macrophage Polarization and Function.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common airway diseases, and it is considered a major global health problem. Macrophages are the most representative immune cells in the respiratory tract, given their role in surveying airways, removing cellular debris, immune surveillance, and resolving inflammation. Macrophages exert their functions by adopting phenotypical changes based on the stimuli they receive from the surrounding tissue.

Optimization of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Extraction from Small Volume of Blood Samples: Potential Implications for Children-Related Diseases.

Managing medical procedures for children with problematic disorders is a challenging approach, especially in the case of blood withdrawal for autism spectrum disorder-affected children. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) represent an important cellular model to study immune responses and drug toxicity. The monocytic cells, a fraction of PBMC, are strongly involved in some pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation and immune system changes.

PEA-OXA ameliorates allodynia, neuropsychiatric and adipose tissue remodeling induced by social isolation.

Chronic social isolation generates a persistent state of stress associated with obesity along with some neuro-endocrine disorders and central behavioral sequelae (eg anxiety, depression, aggression, and allodynia). In this study, we evaluated the effect of social isolation on body weight, depressive- and anxious-aggressive-like behavior, as well as on phenotypic changes of adipocytes from visceral adipose tissue of control (group-housed) or socially isolated (single-housed) male mice. The effect of treatment with pentadecyl-2-oxazoline (PEA-OXA), a natural alpha2 antagonist and histamine H3 protean partial agonist, on these alterations was also evaluated.

Polyphenols, the Healthy Brand of Olive Oil: Insights and Perspectives.

Given their beneficial potential on human health, plant food bioactive molecules are important components influencing nutrition. Polyphenols have been widely acknowledged for their potentially protective role against several complex diseases. In particular, the polyphenols of olive oil (OOPs) emerge as the key components of many healthy diets and have been widely studied for their beneficial properties.

Biomolecular Evaluation of Piceatannol's Effects in Counteracting the Senescence of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Candidate for Senotherapeutics?

Several investigations on senescence and its causative role in aging have underscored the importance of developing senotherapeutics, a field focused on killing senescent cells and/or preventing their accumulation within tissues. Using polyphenols in counteracting senescence may facilitate the development of senotherapeutics given their presence in the human diet, their confirmed tolerability and absence of severe side effects, and their role in preventing senescence and inducing the death of senescent cells. Against that background, we evaluated the effect of piceatannol, a natural polyphenol, on the senescence of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which play a key role in the body's homeostasis.

Proteomic and Biological Analysis of the Effects of Metformin Senomorphics on the Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Senotherapeutics are new drugs that can modulate senescence phenomena within tissues and reduce the onset of age-related pathologies. Senotherapeutics are divided into senolytics and senomorphics. The senolytics selectively kill senescent cells, while the senomorphics delay or block the onset of senescence.

Clinical Trials Based on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells are Exponentially Increasing: Where are We in Recent Years?

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), present in the stromal component of several tissues, include multipotent stem cells, progenitors, and differentiated cells. MSCs have quickly attracted considerable attention in the clinical field for their regenerative properties and their ability to promote tissue homeostasis following injury. In recent years, MSCs mainly isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord-have been utilized in hundreds of clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases.

Endothelial cells from umbilical cord of women affected by gestational diabetes: A suitable in vitro model to study mechanisms of early vascular senescence in diabetes.

Human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) obtained from women affected by gestational diabetes (GD-HUVECs) display durable pro-atherogenic modifications and might be considered a valid in vitro model for studying chronic hyperglycemia effects on early endothelial senescence. Here, we demonstrated that GD- compared to C-HUVECs (controls) exhibited oxidative stress, altered both mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant response, significant increase of senescent cells characterized by a reduced NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) activity together with an increase in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-2A (P16), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-1 (P21), and tumor protein p53 (P53) acetylation. This was associated with the p300 activation, and its silencing significantly reduced the GD-HUVECs increased protein levels of P300 and Ac-P53 thus indicating a persistent endothelial senescence via SIRT1/P300/P53/P21 pathway.