Addition of terlipressin to initial volume resuscitation in a pediatric model of hemorrhagic shock improves hemodynamics and cerebral perfusion.

Hemorrhagic shock is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in pediatric trauma. Current treatment based on volume resuscitation is associated to adverse effects, and it has been proposed that vasopressors may be used in the pharmacological management of trauma. Terlipressin has demonstrated its usefulness in other pediatric critical care scenarios and its long half-life allows its use as a bolus in an outpatient critical settings.

Reactive Disruption of the Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche After Induction of Seizures by Injection of Kainic Acid in the Amygdala.

Adult neurogenesis persists in the adult hippocampus due to the presence of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs). Hippocampal neurogenesis is involved in a range of cognitive functions and is tightly regulated by neuronal activity. NSCs respond promptly to physiological and pathological stimuli altering their neurogenic and gliogenic potential.

Cardiovascular autonomic and hemodynamic responses to vagus nerve stimulation in drug-resistant epilepsy.

Purpose: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used as an adjunctive therapy for treating patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The impact of VNS on cardiovascular autonomic function remains to be fully understood. We determined changes in cardiovascular sympathetic and parasympathetic, and hemodynamic function in association with VNS in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

Correction: Neuronal Hyperactivity Disturbs ATP Microgradients, Impairs Microglial Motility, and Reduces Phagocytic Receptor Expression Triggering Apoptosis/Microglial Phagocytosis Uncoupling.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.

Correction: Neuronal Hyperactivity Disturbs ATP Microgradients, Impairs Microglial Motility, and Reduces Phagocytic Receptor Expression Triggering Apoptosis/Microglial Phagocytosis Uncoupling.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.

Neuronal Hyperactivity Disturbs ATP Microgradients, Impairs Microglial Motility, and Reduces Phagocytic Receptor Expression Triggering Apoptosis/Microglial Phagocytosis Uncoupling.

Phagocytosis is essential to maintain tissue homeostasis in a large number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but its role in the diseased brain is poorly explored. Recent findings suggest that in the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche, where the excess of newborn cells undergo apoptosis in physiological conditions, phagocytosis is efficiently executed by surveillant, ramified microglia. To test whether microglia are efficient phagocytes in the diseased brain as well, we confronted them with a series of apoptotic challenges and discovered a generalized response.

Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for treatment-resistant epilepsy: a 15-year experience at a single institution.

Objective: Treatment-resistant epilepsy (TRE) occurs in 20-30% of patients. The goal of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in this group of patients, including adult and pediatric populations and several off-label indications.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of 59 consecutive patients in whom 60 VNS devices were implanted at a single institution during a 15-year period.

Spinal elastofibroma: a case report.

Elastofibroma is a benign fibroproliferative tumor of unknown origin and pathogenesis. It usually appears in the subscapular or infrascapular area. It is extremely rare in the spinal area, and it is most common in middle-aged women.

Low-pressure hydrocephalus: indication for custom-made catheters? Technical report.

Background: Low-pressure hydrocephalus (LPH) is characterized by ventriculomegaly with persistent low intracranial pressure (ICP). Sub-zero drainage is needed for its management and multiple solutions have been described. Our aim is to report our experience with custom-made peritoneal catheters with larger inner diameter as an alternative treatment option.

[Adult spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. Report of two cases and review of the literature].

Introduction: Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea is a relatively rare entity and can be easily missed in adults. Every adult older than 50 years with a negative history of otologic disease who has recurrent serous otitis media should be evaluated for this pathology. Meningitis is the most serious complication, so there is no doubt that the condition needs immediate attention and correction.