Feasibility study of adaptive radiotherapy with Ethos for breast cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of online adaptive radiotherapy with Ethos for breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 20 breast cancer patients previously treated with TrueBeam. All had undergone breast surgery for different indications (right/left, lumpectomy/mastectomy) and were evenly divided between these four cases, with five extended cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans per patient.

Incidence and risk factors for maternal hypoxaemia during induction of general anaesthesia for non-elective Caesarean section: a prospective multicentre study.

Background: Pregnant women are at increased risk of hypoxaemia during general anaesthesia. Our aim was to determine the incidence and the risk factors that contribute to hypoxaemia in this setting.

Methods: Every woman 18 yr or older who underwent a non-elective Caesarean section under general anaesthesia was eligible to participate in this multicentre observational study.

[Accommodating intraocular lenses].

Following cataract extraction, an implant is inserted into the capsular bag of the crystalline lens. Light rays are focused on the retina by the biconvex optical part of the implant. Most implants have monofocal and steady optic so that glasses are mandatory to get a corrected image according to the distance.

Spontaneous recovery in phacolytic glaucoma.

We report a case of phacolytic glaucoma in which spontaneous absorption of the hypermature lens allowed a patient who refused surgery to recover a normal pressure and satisfactory visual acuity.

[How I explore...significance of ophthalmoscopy in patients with arterial hypertension].

The ocular fundus is the only examination which allows a simple and non invasive visualisation of the terminal vascular system. Feature analysis of fundus examination supposes a similar vascular state in the other organs and permits direct diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic choices. This article will emphasize the value of an ophthalmoscopy examination in patients with arterial hypertension.

[Anterior lenticonus: diagnostic aid in Alport syndrome].

Anterior lenticonus is a rare condition in which the lens presents a conical protrusion of its anterior cortex. Sometimes isolated, it may be an ocular manifestation of Alport syndrome, a hereditary nephritis accompanied by deafness and other ocular signs such as flecked retinopathy or posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy. All these manifestations are a result of a genetic defect in type IV collagen, a major component of basal membranes in the human body.

[Treatment of Graves macular edema with intravitreal injection of corticosteroids].

Purpose: To determine if intravitreal injection of triamcinolone is an effective option in treating severe macular oedema unresponsive to other treatments.

Methods: Fifteen eyes with severe macular oedema of long duration (9-30 months) were offered intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone. The visual acuity and anatomic responses were monitored with pre- and postoperative fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

[Corneal ulcers associated with rheumatoid arthritis].

Keratoconjonctivitis sicca, scleritis and keratitis remain the major ocular manifestation, associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Corneal ulcers are a rare complication but can lead to perforation. Unstable epithelial barrier and immune disorders play a key role in the pathophysiology of such corneal melting.

[Current understanding of diabetic retinopathy].

The incidence of diabetes continues to increase and it is estimated that the world diabetic population will have doubled in 2010. Diabetic retinopathy, one of the most frequent and precocious diabetes' complications, is increasing too and it represents a major cause of blindness in industrialized Countries. The purpose of this article is to describe the relations existing between the risk factors and the physiopathology of diabetic retinopathy, which may be helpful in taking therapeutic and prevention decisions, for the management of diabetic patients.

[Cataract extraction after angle closure glaucoma].

The best therapeutic approach to angle closure with cataract is phacoemulsification and foldable implant. The surgery is performed as soon as the acute crisis is over. Both dispersive and cohesive visco-elastic substance are used in the narrow anterior chamber.

[A proposed variation for glaucoma surgery].

When a trabeculectomy does not reduce the intraocular pressure, it is usually due to sealing of the scleral flap to the adjacent sclera, while the trabeculectomy itself remains open. A triangular excision in the scleral flap seems likely to keep the fistula in function. Deep sclerectomy does not lead to major hypotony, "the other complication" of trabeculectomy.

[Cataract surgery in primary open angle glaucoma].

Cataract surgery has a moderate lowering effect on the intraocular pressure. When glaucoma seems controlled by medication, phacoemulsification gives a chance of improving the situation. Those eyes are most likely to get an intraocular pressure rise by retention of visco-elastic substance.

Use of human fibrin glue and amniotic membrane transplant in corneal perforation.

Purpose: To repair corneal perforation using human fibrin glue (HFG) and amniotic membrane transplant (AMT).

Methods: Three patients in whom central corneal perforations, approximately 2 mm in diameter, occurred after ocular or systemic disease were successfully cured using HFG and AMT. The technique consists first of using a high-viscosity sodium hyaluronate viscoelastic material to restore anterior chamber depth followed by a debridement of the ulcer.

Lens epithelial cell proliferation in human posterior capsule opacification specimens.

In previous in vitro studies on capsular bags it was shown that, after a sham extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) on human donor eyes, lens epithelial cells (LECs) show, in the short term, a dramatically elevated mitotic activity as compared to that in the intact lens. The long term in vivo proliferation of LECs in human lenses after ECCE and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation has not been studied until now. In the present study, the mitotic activity of LECs in human post-mortem eyes with posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was investigated.

[Interest in ophthalmologic examination for familial adenomatous polyposis].

We describe the clinical history of four patients belonging to a familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) family. We stress the importance of a fundus examination for the screening of carriers of the gene responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis.

[Drug-induced cataracts].

The fact that corticosteroids, phenothiazines and myotics induce cataract is well known. Moreover some informations about lens opacities have been reported less frequently after the use of cytostatics, deferoxamine, phenytoine, isotretinoine, oral contraceptives, allopurinol, synthetics antimalarial agents, diazepam, tetracyclines and sulfamides. Occasionally some others drugs have been suspected from experimental observations to produce cataract.

Complicated posterior capsulorhexis: aetiology, management, and outcome.

Background: A 1 year retrospective analysis of 650 patients, who underwent a posterior capsulorhexis on their intact capsules, was performed to examine the incidence of complications, their aetiologies, and the outcome.

Methods: Data were analysed on 32 patients with complicated capsulorhexis for type of surgery, preoperative and postoperative factors, and relative risk factors for vitreous issue.

Results: There were six patients with vitreous loss.

Microcephaly, muscular build, rhizomelia, and cataracts: description of a possible recessive syndrome and some comments on the use of electronic databases in syndromology.

We report on a 7-year-old boy born of consanguineous parents with severe microcephaly (-5 SD) but borderline intelligence, juvenile cataract, muscular build, rhizomelic shortness of limbs predominantly of femora, advanced bone age, and micropenis. This combination of signs appears unique and may represent an undescribed, possibly autosomal recessive MCA syndrome. The use of LDDB and POSSUM in the workup of such "new syndromes" is reviewed.

Separation of fibres from the capsule enhances mitotic activity of human lens epithelium.

Proliferation and migration of lens epithelial cells is at the origin of after-cataract, currently the main side effect of cataract surgery. Extracapsular cataract surgery necessitates opening of the anterior lens capsule and removal of the lens fibres before an intraocular lens can be placed in the cleaned capsular bag. The present study was aimed at testing the potential of the lens capsule and the fibres to affect the mitotic activity of the lens epithelial cells in human donor eyes.

Mitomycin against posterior capsular opacification: an experimental study in rabbits.

Aims/background: Posterior capsular opacification is the most common postoperative complication of extracapsular cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to attempt to inhibit this secondary cataract formation by using mitomycin (an antimitotic drug).

Methods: A solution containing mitomycin was used to perform hydrodissection (with a 5 minute pause) during extracapsular lens extraction in rabbits.

Posterior capsulorhexis in adult eyes with intact and clear capsules.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and risks of primary posterior capsulorhexis.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Liège, Belgium.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 319 patients with cataracts who had phacoemulsification or manual extracapsular cataract extraction with a simultaneous circular posterior capsulorhexis between August 1993 and April 1994.