Effects of intravascular administration of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from Wharton's Jelly of the umbilical cord on systemic immunomodulation and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TRAUMACELL): study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Treatments for TBI patients are limited and none has been shown to provide prolonged and long-term neuroprotective or neurorestorative effects. A growing body of evidence suggests a link between TBI-induced neuro-inflammation and neurodegenerative post-traumatic disorders.

Prediction of Upper Limb Motor Recovery by the PREP2 Algorithm in a Nonselected Population: External Validation and Influence of Cognitive Syndromes.

Background: Early prediction of poststroke motor recovery is challenging in clinical settings. The Prediction recovery potential (PREP2) algorithm is the most accurate approach for prediction of Upper Limb function available to date but lacks external validation.

Objectives: (i) To externally validate the PREP2 algorithm in a prospective cohort, (ii) to study the characteristics of patients misclassified by the algorithm, and (iii) to compare the performance according to the presence of cognitive syndromes (aphasia, neglect, cognitive disorders).

Other causes of neurocognitive impairment than covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) are very frequent, either alone or associated with CHE, in cirrhotic patients with cognitive complaints.

Background/aims: Although it is well admitted that cirrhotic patients display various causes of neurocognitive impairment (NI) hampering the diagnosis of covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE), those are almost never investigated per se. The aims of this study were, in cirrhotic patients displaying cognitive complaints explored by a complete multimodal work-up, to assess: (1) the prevalence of CHE and/or that of other causes of NI and (2) their outcomes, according to the cause of NI.

Methods: Prospective cohort of cirrhotic patients referred in a dedicated clinic because of cognitive complaints.

Standardized reporting for Head CT Scans in patients suspected of traumatic brain injury (TBI): An international expert endeavor.

Background And Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major source of health loss and disability worldwide. Accurate and timely diagnosis of TBI is critical for appropriate treatment and management of the condition. Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and characterization of TBI.

Leriglitazone halts disease progression in adult patients with early cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy.

Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD) is an X-linked rapidly progressive demyelinating disease leading to death usually within a few years. The standard of care is haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but many men are not eligible due to age, absence of a matched donor or lesions of the corticospinal tracts (CST). Based on the ADVANCE study showing that leriglitazone decreases the occurrence of CALD, we treated 13 adult CALD patients (19-67 years of age) either not eligible for HSCT (n = 8) or awaiting HSCT (n = 5).

Multimodal assessment improves neuroprognosis performance in clinically unresponsive critical-care patients with brain injury.

Accurately predicting functional outcomes for unresponsive patients with acute brain injury is a medical, scientific and ethical challenge. This prospective study assesses how a multimodal approach combining various numbers of behavioral, neuroimaging and electrophysiological markers affects the performance of outcome predictions. We analyzed data from 349 patients admitted to a tertiary neurointensive care unit between 2009 and 2021, categorizing prognoses as good, uncertain or poor, and compared these predictions with observed outcomes using the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E, levels ranging from 1 to 8, with higher levels indicating better outcomes).

Prognosis of glioblastoma patients improves significantly over time interrogating historical controls.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common devastating primary brain cancer in adults. In our clinical practice, median overall survival (mOS) of GBM patients seems increasing over time.

Methods: To address this observation, we have retrospectively analyzed the prognosis of 722 newly diagnosed GBM patients, aged below 70, in good clinical conditions (i.

Interim FDG-PET improves treatment failure prediction in primary central nervous system lymphoma: An LOC network prospective multicentric study.

Background: The purpose of our study was to assess the predictive and prognostic role of 2-18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI during high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy (HD-MBC) in de novo primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients aged 60 and above.

Methods: This prospective multicentric ancillary study included 65 immunocompetent patients who received induction HD-MBC as part of the BLOCAGE01 phase III trial. FDG-PET/MRI were acquired at baseline, post 2 cycles (PET/MRI2), and posttreatment (PET/MRI3).

MRI volumetry and diffusion tensor imaging for diagnosis and follow-up of late post-traumatic injuries.

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of acquired disability and can cause devastating and progressive post-traumatic encephalopathy. TBI is a dynamic condition that continues to evolve over time. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of these late lesions is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Management of patients suffering from mild traumatic brain injury 2023.

Objective: To develop a multidisciplinary French reference that addresses initial pre- and in-hospital management of a mild traumatic brain injury patient.

Design: A panel of 22 experts was formed on request from the French Society of Emergency Medicine (SFMU) and the French Society of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (SFAR). A policy of declaration and monitoring of links of interest was applied and respected throughout the process of producing the guidelines.

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of low-dose interleukin-2 in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with regulatory T cells (Tregs) insufficiency while low-dose interleukin-2 (IL2) activates Tregs and reduces disease activity in autoimmune diseases.

Methods: We aimed at addressing whether IL2 improved Tregs from MS patients. MS-IL2 was a single-center double-blind phase-2 study.

Diagnosis and management of hepatic encephalopathy: The French recommendations.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent and severe complication of liver disease with poor patient outcomes. However, it is a poorly understood complication, with no consensus for diagnosis. Therefore, HE is often underdiagnosed.

Differentiating high-grade glioma progression from treatment-related changes with dynamic [F]FDOPA PET: a multicentric study.

Objectives: Diagnostic accuracy of amino-acid PET for distinguishing progression from treatment-related changes (TRC) is currently based on single-center non-homogeneous glioma populations. Our study assesses the diagnostic value of static and dynamic [F]FDOPA PET acquisitions to differentiate between high-grade glioma (HGG) recurrence and TRC in a large cohort sourced from two independent nuclear medicine centers.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 106 patients with suspected glioma recurrences (WHO GIII, n = 38; GIV, n = 68; IDH-mutant, n = 35, IDH-wildtype, n = 71).

In Vivo 2-Hydroxyglutarate Monitoring With Edited MR Spectroscopy for the Follow-up of -Mutant Diffuse Gliomas: The Prospective Study.

Background And Objectives: D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) characterizes -mutant gliomas and can be detected and quantified with edited MRS (MEGA-PRESS). In this study, we investigated the clinical, radiologic, and molecular parameters affecting 2HG levels.

Methods: MEGA-PRESS data were acquired in 71 patients with glioma (24 untreated, 47 treated) on a 3 T system.

Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma.

The incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma has increased over the past two decades in immunocompetent patients and the prognosis remains poor. A diagnosis and complete evaluation of the patient is needed without delay, but histologic evaluation is not always available and PCNSL can mimic a variety of brain lesions on MRI. In this article, we review the potential role of F-FDG PET for the diagnosis of PCNSL in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.

MR Imaging for Acute Central Nervous System Pathologies and Presentations in Emergency Department.

Although evaluation of suspected stroke is a major driver of MRI use in the emergency department (ED), the exquisite contrast resolution and flexibility provided by MRI are valuable in the workup of a broad variety of acute neurologic complaints. This article provides an overview, focused primarily on "non-stroke" neurologic emergencies encountered in ED brain MRI that emergency radiologists should be familiar with.

Unravelling the impact of frontal lobe impairment for social dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is an autosomal dominant multisystemic disorder affecting muscular and extra muscular systems, including the central nervous system. Cerebral involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1 is associated with subtle cognitive and behavioural disorders, of major impact on socio-professional adaptation. The social dysfunction and its potential relation to frontal lobe neuropsychology remain under-evaluated in this pathology.

Erdheim-Chester disease: look it in the eye. An orbital magnetic resonance imaging study.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare L-group histiocytosis. Orbital involvement is found in a third of cases, but few data are available concerning the radiological features of ECD-related orbital disease (ECD-ROD). Our aim was to characterize the initial radiological phenotype and outcome of patients with ECD-ROD.

Synergistic Role of Quantitative Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Predicting Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: This study aimed to assess if quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging analysis would improve prognostication of individual patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Methods: We analyzed images of 30 healthy controls to extract normal fractional anisotropy ranges along 18 white-matter tracts. Then, we analyzed images of 33 patients, compared their fractional anisotropy values with normal ranges extracted from controls, and computed severity of injury to white-matter tracts.

Automated Quantification of Brain Lesion Volume From Post-trauma MR Diffusion-Weighted Images.

Objectives: Determining the volume of brain lesions after trauma is challenging. Manual delineation is observer-dependent and time-consuming and cannot therefore be used in routine practice. The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an automated atlas-based quantification procedure (AQP) based on the detection of abnormal mean diffusivity (MD) values computed from diffusion-weighted MR images.

Prognostic value of global deep white matter DTI metrics for 1-year outcome prediction in ICU traumatic brain injury patients: an MRI-COMA and CENTER-TBI combined study.

Purpose: A reliable tool for outcome prognostication in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) would improve intensive care unit (ICU) decision-making process by providing objective information to caregivers and family. This study aimed at designing a new classification score based on magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion metrics measured in the deep white matter between day 7 and day 35 after TBI to predict 1-year clinical outcome.

Methods: Two multicenter cohorts (29 centers) were used.

Pathomechanisms behind cognitive disorders following ruptured anterior communicating aneurysms: A diffusion tensor imaging study.

Introduction: After the rupture of anterior communicating aneurysms, most patients experience debilitating cognitive disorders; and sometimes even without showing morphological anomaly on MRI examinations. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) may help understanding the pathomechanisms leading to such disorders in this subset of patients.

Methods: After independent assessment, we constituted a population of patients with normal morphological imaging (ACOM group).