Bladder Cancer and Probiotics: What Do We Know So Far?

Bladder cancer is around the 10th most diagnosed cancer, although has a considerable mortality. Recent research and new methodologies have discarded the historical dogma that the bladder (and urine) was sterile under normal conditions. Specifically, only a few studies have reported a detailed analysis of the urinary microbiota in patients with bladder cancer, thus exhibiting a remarkable variability due to the low biomass of the urinary microbiota and the influence of many factors.

Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale to determine ureteral wall damage, not so easy to employ.

Objective: To analyze the level of agreement of the Post-Ureteroscopy Lesion Scale (PULS) and the consequences on its application in clinical practice with more reliable statistical data than the one used in the original work.

Methods: 14 URS and 14 micro-URS were performed in 14 female porcine model. All the procedures were video recorded and an anatomopathological analysis was performed in each ureter.

Role, Cost, and Availably of Urinary pH Monitoring for Kidney Stone Disease-A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Purpose Of Review: Urinary pH is an important factor related to renal stone disease, and it plays an essential role in stone prevention. Monitoring of urinary pH by patients at home provides information that can help to assess the treatment needed by each patient. We conducted a systematic review is to assess the available evidence concerning urinary pH monitoring methods along with their accuracy, cost, and usefulness by patients with urolithiasis.

Incidence of Bladder Cancer in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: Radiotherapeutic treatment of prostate cancer has been validated in terms of efficacy, but its relationship with the occurrence of second pelvic primary malignancy and the relevance of radio-induced toxicity is still under debate. This study analyses the occurrence of second pelvic primary malignancy as well as morbidity secondary to radiotherapy treatment in patients treated for prostate cancer.

Material And Methods: Retrospective consecutive descriptive study of 317 patients who received radiotherapy treatment for prostate cancer between 2007 and 2017.

Role of microbiome in kidney stone disease.

Purpose Of Review: The process of renal stone formation is complex, multifactorial, and variable depending on the type of stone. The microbiome, whether by direct or indirect action, is a factor that both promotes the formation and protects from developing of renal stones. It is a highly variable factor due to the great interindividual and intraindividual variability that it presents.

Development of castration resistance in prostate cancer patients treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRHa): results of the ANARESISTANCE study.

Purpose: Evaluate the percentage of patients with prostate cancer treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRHa) that develop castration resistance after a follow-up period of 3 years. The secondary objective is to evaluate the variables potentially related to the progression to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Methods: A post-authorization, nation-wide, multicenter, prospective, observational, and longitudinal study that included 416 patients treated with LHRHa between 2012 and 2017 is presented.

Biodegradable ureteral stents: in vitro assessment of the degradation rates of braided synthetic polymers and copolymers.

Objectives: The control and predictability of degradation rates and the absence of obstructive phenomena are two main challenges for research regarding biodegradable ureteral stents. The objectives are to assess the degradation performance and safety of braided combinations of three synthetic biodegradable polymers and copolymers; and to evaluate the interference of a heparin dip coating on degradation and bacterial colonization.

Methods: The hydrolysis of polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and Glycomer™ 631 is assessed in this in vitro study that comprises ten groups.

[Medical expulsive treatment for ureteral stones.].

Introduction: Medical Expulsive Treatment (MET) for ureteral stones has been questioned for the last few years.

Objectives: The main goal of our study is to define the indications of MET, the different drugs that are used and their effectiveness and to propose a follow-up strategy. Secondary objectives include the effectiveness of MET in some special subgroups such as pregnant women and children and to assess aspects of MET cost-effectiveness compared with other options for ureteral lithiasis treatment (ureterorenoscopy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy).

Medical treatment for acute renal colic.

Introduction: Renoureteral colic (CRU) is the most common urological emergency, with a wide spectrum of severity that generates high morbidity and high health costs. However, there is no homogeneous scheme of pharmacological treatment in its acutephase.

Aims: The main objective of our work is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of the different drugs used in the treatment of CCR and to propose a practical treatment scheme.

Medical management of urolithiasis.

Urolithiasis is a multifactorial and recurrent disease whose incidence is increasing, especially in women but also in the paediatric population. Differences can be found between different regions and between different ethnicities, often due to dietary and environmental factors, without forgetting the genetic influence on different types of stones. There are disease sthat require a high index of suspicion in order to reach a diagnosis, such as renal tubular acidosis (RTA), not only for the benefit of the patient but also for their family members in the case a genetic mutation.

Endoscopic identification of urinary stone composition: A study of South Eastern Group for Urolithiasis Research (SEGUR 2).

Introduction And Objectives: To assess the surgeon's ability to evaluate the composition of the stone by observation of endoscopic images.

Materials And Methods: A series of 20 video clips of endoscopic treatments of urinary stones of which was also available the result of infrared spectroscopy was uploaded to a YouTube site accessible only to members of the South Eastern Group for Urolithiasis Research (SEGUR) who were asked to identify the composition of the stones.

Results: A total of 32 clinicians from 9 different countries participated in the study.

[Androgen deprivation therapy in advanced prostate cancer. Multicenter study.].

Objectives: Advanced prostate cancer (PC) is a frequent entity. The objectives of this paper are the presentation of a sample of patients with PC undergoing treatment with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in usual clinical practice and the determination of parameters associated with the development of resistance to castration (CRPC).

Material And Methods: Multicenter, observational, retrospective study that analyzes patients treated with ADT from January 2016 to January 2017.

Incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Spain.

Introduction And Objectives: The incidence of upper urinary tract tumors is currently unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the real incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in Spain.

Material And Methods: A descriptive, prospective and multicenter epidemiological study was conducted in 31 Spanish facilities by means of the Platform for Multicenter Studies of the Spanish Association of Urology.

Experimental Assessment of New Generation of Ureteral Stents: Biodegradable and Antireflux Properties.

The aim was to assess a new biodegradable and antireflux intraureteral stent (BraidStent) design in a swine model after ureteral laparoscopic operation. A total of 24 female pigs underwent initial endoscopic, nephrosonographic, and contrast fluoroscopy assessment of the urinary tract. Afterward, unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction was performed by laparoscopic approach.

Micro-ureteroscopy vs. ureteroscopy: effects of miniaturization on renal vascularization and intrapelvic pressure.

Purpose: Ureteroscopy (URS) is related to complications, as fever or postoperative urinary sepsis, due to high intrapelvic pressure (IPP) during the procedure. Micro-ureteroscopy (m-URS) aims to reduce morbidity by miniaturizing the instrument. The objective of this study is to compare IPP and changes in renal haemodynamics, while performing m-URS vs.

Outcomes of ureteroscopy miniaturization on tissue damage and tissue hypoxia in a pig model.

Miniaturization of ureteroscopy materials is intended to decrease tissue damage. However, tissue hypoxia and the gross and microscopic effects on tissue have not been adequately assessed. We compared the gross and microscopic effects of micro-ureteroscopy (m-URS) and conventional ureteroscopy (URS) on the urinary tract.

[Urinary lithiasis. The patient also plays.].

Renal lithiasis is known for its high incidence and prevalence, but mainly for its morbidity and recurrence. Despite a good indication and appropriate surgical treatment, the essential problem, the origin of the formation of the stones, generally persists and it is not uncommon that patients suffer multiple treatments and discomfort secondary to ancillary measures normally used to prevent complications. It is widely known, for consistency, that a prophylactic treatment with general or, in a smaller group of patients, specific measures are appropriate to diminish recurrences.

[MicroURS. Is it a technique to stay?].

Micro-ureteroscopy is a novel technique derived from the need to reduce the morbidity associated with conventional ureteroscopy. Reducing morbidity, we will be able to improve quality of life of patients, for example, by shortening the times to elimination of the stones. In this article the authors intend to expose the different applications of micro ureteroscopy as well as the incipient scientific evidence on the topic.

Microureteroscopy in Children: Two First Cases.

Background: Urinary stones disease is becoming more common not only in adults but also in children. Most cases are resolved with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, but miniaturization of endoscopes has increased the use of ureteroscopy in resolving ureteral stones, most notably in children.

Case Presentation: This presentation focuses on two cases of microureteroscopy.

Assessment of the Effectiveness, Safety, and Reproducibility of Micro-Ureteroscopy in the Treatment of Distal Ureteral Stones in Women: A Multicenter Prospective Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness, safety, and reproducibility of the micro-ureteroscopy (m-URS) in the treatment of distal ureteral stones in women.

Materials And Methods: A multicenter, prospective observational study was designed and conducted between March and December 2015. We included women having at least one stone in the distal ureter and being a candidate for surgical treatment using the 4.

[Practical refinaments in simplified laparoscopic pyeloplasty].

Objectives: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) is the treatment of choice for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). We present the 3-trocars LP technique with several considerations and practical advices.

Methods: Several maneuvers to optimize exposure and simplifying the implementation of the operation were showed.