International study of the Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome: Implications for transdiagnostic clinical practice.

Background: The debate regarding diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry (categorial dimensional systems) has essential implications for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of stress reactions. We previously found a unique pattern of stress reaction in a study executed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic using large representative samples in two countries, and termed it the Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome (CSRS).

Aim: To investigate CSRS, Type A (psychiatric symptoms, spanning anxiety, depression, stress symptoms, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)), with or without long-coronavirus disease (COVID) residuals (CSRS, Type B, neuropsychiatric symptoms spanning cognitive deficits and fatigue, excluding systemic symptoms).

Not one thing at a time: When concomitant multiple stressors produce a transdiagnostic clinical picture.

A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full, encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment. New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories. They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms.

Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Blockade Prevents Anti-Depressive-like Effect of Cannabidiol Acid Methyl Ester in Female WKY Rats.

The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) is diverse and multi-factorial, yet treatment strategies remain limited. While women are twice as likely to develop the disorder as men, many animal model studies of antidepressant response rely solely on male subjects. The endocannabinoid system has been linked to depression in clinical and pre-clinical studies.

Transdiagnostic considerations of mental health for the post-COVID era: Lessons from the first surge of the pandemic.

Background: The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-related psychiatric burden partly results from prolonged social stress world-wide. Studies have examined the psychiatric impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM 5) and International Classification of Diseases 11 Revision (ICD-11) categories, implicating multiple diagnoses, complicating clinical management.

Aim: To verify whether COVID-19-related psychopathology spans multiple DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnoses, but not in a random pattern.

Computational Mechanisms of Addiction and Anxiety: A Developmental Perspective.

A central goal of computational psychiatry is to identify systematic relationships between transdiagnostic dimensions of psychiatric symptomatology and the latent learning and decision-making computations that inform individuals' thoughts, feelings, and choices. Most psychiatric disorders emerge prior to adulthood, yet little work has extended these computational approaches to study the development of psychopathology. Here, we lay out a roadmap for future studies implementing this approach by developing empirically and theoretically informed hypotheses about how developmental changes in model-based control of action and Pavlovian learning processes may modulate vulnerability to anxiety and addiction.

Pediatric psychiatric emergency rooms during COVID-19: a multi-center study.

Background: The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been a major stressor for the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. Surveys and reports from hotlines indicate a significant rise in mental health problems. As the psychiatric emergency room (ER) is a first-line free-of-charge facility for psychiatric emergencies, we expected to see a significant increase in visits, specifically of new patients suffering from anxiety, depression, or stress-related disorders.

Does COVID-19 related symptomatology indicate a transdiagnostic neuropsychiatric disorder? - Multidisciplinary implications.

The clinical presentation that emerges from the extensive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mental health literature suggests high correlations among many conventional psychiatric diagnoses. Arguments against the use of multiple comorbidities for a single patient have been published long before the pandemic. Concurrently, diagnostic recommendations for use of transdiagnostic considerations for improved treatment have been also published in recent years.

Medically Disqualifying Conditions Among Aircrew Candidates.

Medical selection criteria for Israeli Air Force (IAF) Flight Academy candidates are strict due to the extreme physiological stressors during military flight. In various air forces the causes for medical disqualification of Flight Academy candidates are different, mainly due to differences in the selection process and criteria. In the present study, we examined the medical conditions leading to disqualification of candidates for the IAF Flight Academy.

Making Evidence-Based Knowledge Accessible to Parents to Promote Child Mental Health Care.

Parenting is often described as one of the most complicated life challenges, and the complexity increases in the presence of child developmental and/or mental health conditions. In the field of child psychiatry, parental psychoeducation-including guidance, support, and skill building-is an integral part of treatment that improves both the child patient's wellbeing and the quality of life of the family. Parents are the primary agent of care delivery for the child patient, which means that parental beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about mental health care fundamentally influence service use and treatment adherence.

Examining the Use of Antidepressants for Adolescents with Depression/Anxiety Who Regularly Use Cannabis: A Narrative Review.

Depression and anxiety disorders are two of the most common and growing mental health concerns in adolescents. Consequently, antidepressant medication (AD) use has increased widely during the last decades. Several classes of antidepressants are used mainly to treat depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders by targeting relevant brain neurochemical pathways.

Cognitive behavioral intervention for improving emotion recognition among individuals with substance use disorders: A randomized-controlled pilot study in a naturalistic setting.

Individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) experience impaired facial emotion recognition. This pilot study explored the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention to improve facial cues interpretation. Twenty-four men with SUD were randomized into an equal-size experimental and control groups and were evaluated by a cognitive-assessment battery at baseline and post-intervention.

The association of medical resource utilization with physical morbidity and premature mortality among patients with schizophrenia: An historical prospective population cohort study.

Background: Schizophrenia patients have shorter life expectancy often owing to preventable physical illnesses and sub-optimal utilization of medical services. However, the association between service-utilization and mortality has not been explored.

Aim: To assess whether medical service-utilization moderates the association between physical morbidity and premature mortality in a nation-wide cohort.

Between Action and Emotional Survival During the COVID-19 era: Sensorimotor Pathways as Control Systems of Transdiagnostic Anxiety-Related Intolerance to Uncertainty.

The COVID-19 pandemic and aligned social and physical distancing regulations increase the sense of uncertainty, intensifying the risk for psychopathology globally. Anxiety disorders are associated with intolerance to uncertainty. In this review we describe brain circuits and sensorimotor pathways involved in human reactions to uncertainty.

A Nationwide Study Comparing Mental Health Professionals' Willingness to Try Hallucinogenic Drugs in Basic Research or Clinical Practice.

This study explored whether personal attitudes toward drug users are associated with professional approaches and whether the association between personal and professional attitudes varies across different mental health professions. Participants (N = 347) included medical (psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses) and other (clinical psychologists and social workers) mental health professions from all 13 mental health centers in Israel. They completed questionnaires aimed to assess familiarity with medical usage of hallucinogenic drugs, personal attitudes toward recreational drug users and willingness to use five hallucinogens in research of clinical practice.

COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on mothers' and infants' mental health during pregnancy and shortly thereafter.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a global crisis, with profound implications on public mental health. The current review focuses on the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of mothers and their infants during pregnancy and shortly after delivery. Literature shows that in similar disaster situations, mothers' stress reaction and mental health have a critical impact on infant development.

Association between Adherence to SSRI Treatment and Mortality among Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome Components.

Introduction: Depression and anxiety have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The effect of antidepressants in this association is unknown. This study aimed to examine the association between adherence to selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) and all-cause mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome components (hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus).

Coping With Information Style, Self-Concealment, Internalized Stigma, and Family Burden Among Parents of Children With Psychiatric Disorders.

Parents of children with psychiatric disorders who are hospitalized in a psychiatric unit often experience family burden. Family burden has been found to be affected by many variables related to parents' personal traits and ways of reacting to the disorder. The current study examined the association between information coping styles (monitoring and blunting) and family burden, among parents of children who were hospitalized in a day care unit.

Discrepancies in adolescent-mother dyads' reports of core depression symptoms: Association with adolescents' help-seeking in school and their somatic complaints.

Objective: Parents of adolescents with mental problems do not always recognize the symptoms in their children, particularly regarding depression, and therefore do not seek professional help. Adolescents themselves tend to seek help from school personnel for their emotional or social difficulties. In contrast, adolescents do report somatic complaints and parents are likely to seek help for these problems.

Contrasting effects of music on reading comprehension in preadolescents with and without ADHD.

Children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are advised to study in quiet settings; yet, many professionals assert that environments devoid of external stimulus, are often unnecessary to facilitate optimal learning conditions. Empirical controlled trials examining this assertion are scarce. This study explored whether music improves reading performance of preadolescents with ADHD compared with typically developed (TD) peers, and its correlation with changes in heart rate variability (HRV), an autonomic nervous system indicator.

Levels of Proneness to Boredom in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder On and Off Methylphenidate Treatment.

To evaluate the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) severity and propensity for boredom in children with ADHD, both on and off methylphenidate (MPH). A group of children and adolescents with ADHD ( = 30), aged 7-18 years, were assessed using the Parent-Reported-ADHD Rating Scale-5 (PR-ADHD-RS-5) and Short Boredom Proneness Scale (SBPS), at baseline, after 3 months of MPH treatment, and again after 3 weeks of MPH treatment discontinuation. Significant correlation was found at baseline between PR-ADHD-RS-5 and SBPS scores [ = 30,  = 0.

Low levels of serum vitamin D in clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients are associated with high levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6.

Low levels of vitamin D are prevalent among patients with schizophrenia and have been linked to the risk and outcome of the disorder. Vitamin D has a regulatory effect on the inflammatory system, which is dysfunctional in schizophrenia. We investigated the association between serum vitamin D levels, inflammatory status, and severity of schizophrenia symptoms.