Duration of physical activity required to Ameliorate hyperglycemia without causing hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes: A T1DEXI adults and pediatric cohort analyses.

Aims: To estimate physical activity (activity) duration required to lower glucose from above target range (>180 mg/dL) to within target range (TIR: 70-180 mg/dL) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Continuous glucose monitoring and activity data were collected from 404 adults (28-day observation) and 149 adolescents (10-day observation) with T1D. Activities (N = 1902) with a starting glucose between 181--300 mg/dL, duration 10-60 min, and no reported meals during activity were included in the analysis.

Fear of hypoglycemia relates to glycemic levels during and after real-world physical activity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Background: We explore the association between hypoglycaemia fear (FH) and glycaemia during and after exercise sessions in a large sample of physically active youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: We used data from the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Paediatric (T1DEXIP) Study. Youth self-reported on FH using the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey-Child (HFS-C).

The influence of depth of sedation on motor evoked potentials monitoring in youth from 4 to 23 years old: preliminary data from a prospective observational study.

Introduction: The influence of various levels of sedation depth on motor evoked potentials (MEP) reproducibility in youth is still unclear because of a lack of data. We tested the hypothesis that a deeper level of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) [bispectral index (BIS) 40 ± 5 compared to 60 ± 5] can affect surgeon-directed MEP and their interpretation in youths.

Methods: All patients received TIVA combined with propofol and remifentanil.

Older Adults Benefit From Virtual Support for Continuous Glucose Monitor Use But Require Longer Visits.

Background: Older adults may be less comfortable with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology or require additional education to support use. The Virtual Diabetes Specialty Clinic study provided the opportunity to understand glycemic outcomes and support needed for older versus younger adults living with diabetes and using CGM.

Methods: Prospective, virtual study of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D, N = 160) or type 2 diabetes (T2D, N = 74) using basal-bolus insulin injections or insulin pump therapy.

The Role of Whole Food Plant-Based Food Intake on Postprandial Glycemia in Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Whole food plant-based diet (WFPBD), minimally processed foods with limited consumption of animal products, is associated with improved health outcomes. The benefits of WFPBD are underexplored in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The primary objective of this analysis is to evaluate the association between WFPBD on glycemia in individuals with T1D.

Tailored guidance to apply the Estimand framework to Trials within Cohorts (TwiCs) studies.

: The estimand framework offers a structured approach to define the treatment effect to be estimated in a clinical study. Defining the estimand upfront helps formulating the research question and informs study design, data collection and statistical analysis methods. Since the Trials within Cohorts (TwiCs) design has unique characteristics, the objective of this study is to describe considerations and provide guidance for formulating estimands for TwiCs studies.

An evaluation of how exercise position statement guidelines are being used in the real world in type 1 diabetes: Findings from the type 1 diabetes exercise initiative (T1DEXI).

Aims: Position statement guidelines should help people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) improve glucose outcomes during exercise.

Methods: In a 4-week observational study, continuous glucose, insulin, and nutrient data were collected from 561 adults with T1D. Glucose outcomes were calculated during exercise, post-exercise, and overnight, and were compared for sessions when participants used versus did not use exercise guidelines for open-loop (OL) and automated insulin delivery (AID) therapy.

Quality Evaluation of Chicken Liver Pâté Affected by Algal Hydrocolloids Addition: A Textural and Rheological Approach.

Hydrocolloids are used in spreadable meat or poultry products to improve consistency, emulsion stability and water retention, resulting in products with desired functional and organoleptic properties. The scope of the work was to evaluate the addition of three divergent algal hydrocolloids (κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, furcellaran) at four different concentrations (0.25, 0.

Characterization of Fibers Prepared by Centrifugal Spinning from Biotechnologically Derived Chicken Gelatin.

The application of biopolymer-based materials is increasing due to better sustainability and environmental protection properties. Gelatin fibers have a specific surface and high porosity, which is why their use in medicine and the food industry is being researched. This article explores the potential of centrifugal spinning to produce gelatin fibers.

Changing Glucose Levels During the Menstrual Cycle as Observed in Adults in the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Study.

Objectives: Evidence suggests that glucose levels in menstruating females with type 1 diabetes change throughout the menstrual cycle, reaching a peak during the luteal phase. The Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative (T1DEXI) study provided the opportunity to assess glycemic metrics between early and late phases of the menstrual cycle, and whether differences could be explained by exercise, insulin, and carbohydrate intake.

Methods: One hundred seventy-nine women were included in our analysis.

Digital Gaming and Exercise Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Pediatric Study.

Background: Regular physical activity and exercise are fundamental components of a healthy lifestyle for youth living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Yet, few youth living with T1D achieve the daily minimum recommended levels of physical activity. For all youth, regardless of their disease status, minutes of physical activity compete with other daily activities, including digital gaming.

Predicting Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia Risk During and After Activity for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

To predict hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia risk during and after activity for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using real-world data from the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Pediatric (T1DEXIP) study. Adolescents with T1D ( = 225; [mean ± SD] age = 14 ± 2 years; HbA1c = 7.1 ± 1.

The Association Between Diet Quality and Glycemic Outcomes Among People with Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: The amount and type of food consumed impacts the glycemic response and insulin needs of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Daily variability in consumption, reflected in diet quality, may acutely impact glycemic levels and insulin needs.

Objective: Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative (T1DEXI) data were examined to evaluate the impact of daily diet quality on near-term glycemic control and interaction with exercise.

Study of Processing Conditions during Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Deer By-Product Tallow for Targeted Changes at the Molecular Level and Properties of Modified Fats.

In most cases, the unused by-products of venison, including deer tallow, are disposed of in rendering plants. Deer tallow contains essential fatty acids and can be used to prepare products for everyday food and advanced applications. This work aimed to process deer tallow into hydrolyzed products using microbial lipases.

Associations between daily step count classifications and continuous glucose monitoring metrics in adults with type 1 diabetes: analysis of the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative (T1DEXI) cohort.

Aims/hypothesis: Adults with type 1 diabetes should perform daily physical activity to help maintain health and fitness, but the influence of daily step counts on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics are unclear. This analysis used the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative (T1DEXI) dataset to investigate the effect of daily step count on CGM-based metrics.

Methods: In a 4 week free-living observational study of adults with type 1 diabetes, with available CGM and step count data, we categorised participants into three groups-below (<7000), meeting (7000-10,000) or exceeding (>10,000) the daily step count goal-to determine if step count category influenced CGM metrics, including per cent time in range (TIR: 3.

Factors Affecting Reproducibility of Change in Glucose During Exercise: Results From the Type 1 Diabetes and EXercise Initiative.

Aims: To evaluate factors affecting within-participant reproducibility in glycemic response to different forms of exercise.

Methods: Structured exercise sessions ~30 minutes in length from the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative (T1DEXI) study were used to assess within-participant glycemic variability during and after exercise. The effect of several pre-exercise factors on the within-participant glycemic variability was evaluated.

Effect of Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia on Glucose Decline During and After Exercise in the T1DEXI Study.

Context: Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face the necessity of balancing the benefits of exercise with the potential hazards of hypoglycemia.

Objective: This work aimed to assess whether impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) affects exercise-associated hypoglycemia in adults with T1D.

Methods: We compared continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-measured glucose during exercise and for 24 hours following exercise from 95 adults with T1D and IAH (Clarke score ≥4 or ≥1 severe hypoglycemic event within the past year) to 95 "aware" adults (Clarke score ≤2 and no severe hypoglycemic event within the past year) matched on sex, age, insulin delivery modality, and glycated hemoglobin A1c.

A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk.

Most low-mass stars form in stellar clusters that also contain massive stars, which are sources of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. Theoretical models predict that this FUV radiation produces photodissociation regions (PDRs) on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars, which affects planet formation within the disks. We report James Webb Space Telescope and Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of a FUV-irradiated protoplanetary disk in the Orion Nebula.

Online Classification of Unstructured Free-Living Exercise Sessions in People with Type 1 Diabetes.

Managing exercise in type 1 diabetes is challenging, in part, because different types of exercises can have diverging effects on glycemia. The aim of this work was to develop a classification model that can classify an exercise event (structured or unstructured) as aerobic, interval, or resistance for the purpose of incorporation into an automated insulin delivery (AID) system. A long short-term memory network model was developed with real-world data from 30-min structured sessions of at-home exercise (aerobic, resistance, or mixed) using triaxial accelerometer, heart rate, and activity duration information.

Exploring Factors That Influence Postexercise Glycemia in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes in the Real World: The Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Pediatric (T1DEXIP) Study.

Objective: To explore 24-h postexercise glycemia and hypoglycemia risk, data from the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Pediatric (T1DEXIP) study were analyzed to examine factors that may influence glycemia.

Research Design And Methods: This was a real-world observational study with participant self-reported physical activity, food intake, and insulin dosing (multiple daily injection users). Heart rate, continuous glucose data, and available pump data were collected.

Stereotactic Body and Conventional Radiotherapy for Painful Bone Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Conventional external beam radiotherapy (cEBRT) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) are commonly used treatment options for relieving metastatic bone pain. The effectiveness of SBRT compared with cEBRT in pain relief has been a subject of debate, and conflicting results have been reported.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness associated with SBRT vs cEBRT for relieving metastatic bone pain.

Competing risk analysis of cardiovascular disease risk in breast cancer patients receiving a radiation boost.

Background: Thoracic radiotherapy may damage the myocardium and arteries, increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Women with a high local breast cancer (BC) recurrence risk may receive an additional radiation boost to the tumor bed.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the CVD risk and specifically ischemic heart disease (IHD) in BC patients treated with a radiation boost, and investigated whether this was modified by age.