[Morphological peculiarities of esophageal mucosa in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and type ii diabetes mellitus].

The aim of the article was to study morphological features of esophageal mucosa in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The research was conducted on 67 patients with type II diabetes mellitus and GERD and 50 non-diabetic patients with GERD. The histological study of the mucous membrane of the distal esophagus in patients with combined pathology detected parakeratosis and acanthosis, outflows edema and bundles epithelium, surfacial hyperplasia, infiltration of neutrophils and vascular ectasia.

[The effect of peptide-type epiphyseal hormones on the functional activity of the human thyroid in vitro. The characteristics of the action of epiphyseal peptides on the accumulation of cyclic nucleotides in the thyrotoxic thyroid and on its secretory activity].

Reaction of the human TSH-sensitive and TSH-refractory thyroid, obtained from patients with hyperthyroidism, on pineal peptides was studied in vitro. It was shown, that pineal peptides (Epythalamine) are inhibitors of cAMP accumulation and hormone release only of normal and TSH-sensitive thyroid, but are ineffective in case of TSH-refractory thyroid. Thus, pineal peptides are modulators of specific TSH effect.

[The effect of peptide-type epiphyseal hormones on the functional activity of the human thyroid in vitro. The action of epiphyseal peptides on the accumulation of cyclic nucleotides in the normal human thyroid and on its secretory activity].

Effects of pineal peptides on the accumulation of cyclic nucleotides of the human thyroid and its secretory activity were analysed on the basis of the data obtained after operation from patients with nodular euthyroid goiter) incubated with Epithalamine and Epiphisan, were studied. It was shown, that pineal peptides not only inhibited thyroid secretion function and cAMP accumulation, but also acted as modifiers of TSH stimulatory effects.

[Prostaglandins and the thyroid].

Prostaglandins (PG), PGE in particular, exert an effect similar to the stimulating one of thyroidotropic hormone (TTH), a basic regulator of the thyroid function, on the thyroid gland cells. Specific finding of the above compounds with plasma membranes of the gland cells is the first stage of their action. In most cases formation of the PGE-receptor complexes, is followed by the corresponding increase in the intracellular content of cAMP due to adenylate cyclase activation.

[Interactions of thyrotropin and prostaglandins E2 with receptors and their effect on the cAMP levels in human thyroid tissue].

A study was made of the interactions of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and TTH with receptors and their effect on the cAMP level using thyroid tissue obtained suboperatively from patients with nodular euthyroid goiter and diffuse toxic goiter. There was no significant difference in the kinetic characteristics of TTH-receptor interaction in euthyroid and thyrotoxic thyroid tissue. At the same time in thyrotoxicosis there was a decrease in the pool of free receptors to 3H-PGE2, probably, determined by a rise of the formation of receptor complexes with endogenous PGE2 whose content in thyrotoxic tissue was raised.

[Interaction of prostaglandin E2 with receptors and their effect on adenylate cyclase activity in human thyroid tissue].

The investigations have been performed on thyroid tissue excised from patients suffering from euthyroid goiter and thyrotoxicosis. The study of thyroid thyrotoxic tissue has revealed the decrease in the number of free receptors to 3H-PGE2 caused by the enhanced production of receptor-endogenous PGE2 complexes whose level in thyrotoxic tissue was significantly higher than in euthyroid tissue. PGE2 and GppNHp had a pronounced stimulating effect on adenylate cyclaze activity both in euthyroid and thyrotoxic tissues, with enzyme sensitivity to stimulating effects considerably increased in the latter case.

[Function of the serotoninergic system of the thyrotoxic thyroid].

The state of serotoninergic system in thyrotoxic and euthyroid gland were compared. It was shown that in patients with hyperthyroidism (diffuse toxic goiter) serotonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan content, velocity and the latter uptake were augmented. The authors stress the role of the delay in serotonin oxidative deamination as one of the reasons for increased serotonin content in thyrotoxic thyroid gland.

[Interaction between thyrotropin and prostaglandins E and plasma membranes of human isolated thyrocytes].

Thyrotropin (TTH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) interaction was studied, using the euthyroid paranodal tissue (isolated by sub-surgery) of the thyroid in patients with nodose goiter. Two types of specific binding, differing by the affinity and ligand-bound capacity, were discovered both for TTH and PGE2. The appropriate kinetic characteristics were analysed.

[Prostaglandin E binding by plasmatic membranes of thyroid gland cells].

The binding of prostaglandins E (PGE) with human and bovine thyrocyte plasmatic membranes was investigated by the new method with material from the kit for radioimmunoassay of PGE. There was a high affinity and a low affinity site for the specific PGE binding on human and bovine thyrocytes plasmic membranes. The effect of thyrotropin and cyclic nucleotides on the PGE binding by the membranes was revealed.