Induction Heating of Laminated Composite Structures with Magnetically Responsive Nanocomposite Interlayers for Debonding-on-Demand Applications.

In the present study, the feasibility to achieve localized induction heating and debonding of multi-material composite structures is assessed in testing coupons prepared by Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) and extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. Nano-compounds of Polyether-ketone-ketone (PEKK) with iron oxide nanoparticles acting as electromagnetic susceptors have been processed in a parallel co-rotating twin-screw extruder to produce filament feedstock for extrusion-based AM. The integration of nanocomposite interlayers as discrete debonding zones (DZ) by AFP-AM manufacturing has been investigated for two types of sandwich-structured laminate composites, i.

[German expert consensus on programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) testing in perioperative systemic therapy of muscle invasive bladder cancer].

The risk of recurrence in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) after radical cystectomy depends on the pathological tumor stage. In particular, patients with lymph node metastasis (pN+), locally advanced (≥pT3), or residual muscle invasive tumor despite neoadjuvant chemotherapy are at high risk. Currently, the importance of adjuvant therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is increasing in the context of perioperative systemic therapeutic concepts.

[New therapeutic approaches for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer-is organ preservation also possible after BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guérin)?].

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is the standard of care in the treatment of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). In the absence of a response to BCG and persistent high-grade disease, cystectomy is recommended depending on the clinical risk. A variety of targeted therapy approaches, which aim at immune- and gene-based molecular targets, such as PD-(L)1 and FGFR, are currently being investigated in randomized studies for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.

Growth of Carbon Nanofibers and Carbon Nanotubes by Chemical Vapour Deposition on Half-Heusler Alloys: A Computationally Driven Experimental Investigation.

The possibility of directly growing carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on half-Heusler alloys by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) is investigated for the first time, without using additional catalysts, since the half-Heusler alloys per se may function as catalytic substrates, according to the findings of the current study. As a carbon source, acetylene is used in the temperature range of 700-750 °C. The n-type half-Heusler compound Zr0.

New Intravesical Agents for BCG-Unresponsive High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background: With the exception of the FDA-approved valrubicin and pembrolizumab, there are no standard second-line treaments for BCG-unresponsive high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Objectives: To provide a systematic review of the novel intravesically administered therapeutic agents for the salvage treatment of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.

Methods: Online search of the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases was performed.

[Urinary retention and postrenal kidney injury].

In men aged 40-83 years, the overall incidence of urinary retention is 4.5-6.8 cases per 1000 men per year.

Urodynamic Parameters and Continence Outcomes in Asymptomatic Patients with Ileal Orthotopic Neobladder: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis.

Introduction: The orthotopic neobladder is the type of urinary diversion (UD) that most closely resembles the original bladder. However, in the literature the urodynamic aspects are scarcely analysed.

Objective: To provide the first systematic review (SR) on the urodynamic (UDS) outcomes of the ileal orthotopic neobladders (ONB).

Photodynamic Therapy: Current Trends and Potential Future Role in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common cancer in the world. The therapeutic spectrum of BC is broad and is constantly expanding. Despite the wide clinical use of photodynamic diagnosis (PTD) for BC, PDT has not been sufficiently investigated in the treatment landscape of BC.

Current knowledge on multiple sclerosis pathophysiology, disability progression assessment and treatment options, and the role of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects nearly 2.8 million people each year. MS distinguishes three main types: relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS).

A structure-activity approach towards the toxicity assessment of multicomponent metal oxide nanomaterials.

The increase of human and environmental exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) due to the emergence of nanotechnology has raised concerns over their safety. The challenging nature of and toxicity assessment methods for ENMs, has led to emerging techniques for ENM toxicity assessment, such as structure-activity relationship (SAR) models. Although such approaches have been extensively developed for the case of single-component nanomaterials, the case of multicomponent nanomaterials (MCNMs) has not been thoroughly addressed.

Practice change: No benefit of extended lymphadenectomy at radical cystectomy in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.

For many decades, extended pelvic lymph node dissection has been an integral part during radical cystectomy for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. This practice was based on large retrospective meta-analyses suggesting an oncologic benefit to an extended dissection. This mini review and meta-analysis includes the two available randomized trials in the current literature.

[Using the DFree device for balanced bladder management].

Background: Bladder dysfunctions, regardless of their origin, have significant psychosocial effects. Depending on the existing disorder and bladder functionality, behavioural therapy and supporting tools are the first choice of therapy but the need for medication, intervention and surgery is significant.

Objective: The DFree ultrasonic sensor enables sonographic measurement of bladder filling and feeds this back to the sensor wearer via an app.

Role of inguinal and pelvic lymph node dissection for primary urethral carcinoma: a systematic review.

Purpose Of Review: Primary urethral carcinoma (PUC) is a rare urologic tumor. There is limited evidence on this entity. This review summarizes the existing evidence on lymph node dissection (LND) in patients with PUC.

[Position paper of the working group Urological Acute Medicine].

Emergency patients with acute genitourinary system diseases are frequently encountered in both outpatient and clinical emergency structures. It is estimated that one-third of all inpatients in a urology clinic initially present as an emergency. In addition to general emergency medicine knowledge, specialized urologic expertise is a prerequisite for the care of these patients, which is needed early and specifically for optimal treatment outcomes.

The Role of Local Agents for the Treatment of Localized Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Review of the Current Evidence.

Kidney-sparing surgery (KSS) for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a promising alternative to radical nephroureterectomy, especially for low-risk cases. However, due to the established risk of ipsilateral UTUC recurrence caused by the implantation of floating neoplastic cells after endoscopic resection, adjuvant endocavitary (endoureteral) instillations have been proposed. Instillation therapy may be also used as primary treatment for UTUC.

Modelling the biodistribution of inhaled gold nanoparticles in rats with interspecies extrapolation to humans.

The increasing intentional and non-intentional exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) has raised the interest concerning their fate and biodistribution in the body of animals and humans after inhalation. In this context, Physiologically Based (pharmaco)Kinetic (PBK) modelling has emerged as an in silico approach that simulates the biodistribution kinetics of NPs in the body using mathematical equations. Due to restrictions in data availability, such models are first developed for rats or mice.

Metabolic regulation of the neural stem cell fate: Unraveling new connections, establishing new concepts.

The neural stem cell niche is a key regulator participating in the maintenance, regeneration, and repair of the brain. Within the niche neural stem cells (NSC) generate new neurons throughout life, which is important for tissue homeostasis and brain function. NSCs are regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors with cellular metabolism being lately recognized as one of the most important ones, with evidence suggesting that it may serve as a common signal integrator to ensure mammalian brain homeostasis.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Role of Perioperative Blood Transfusion in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy for Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard of care in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The impact of perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on oncological outcomes after RC is not clearly established as the existing publications show conflicting results.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the prognostic role of perioperative RBC transfusion on oncological outcomes after RC.

Modeling of clearance, retention, and translocation of inhaled gold nanoparticles in rats.

The increasing exposure to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), due to their wide range of applications, has led to the need for thorough understanding of their biodistribution, following exposure. The objective of this paper is to develop a PBK model in order to study the clearance, retention and translocation of inhaled gold nanoparticles in rats, providing a basis for the understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) mechanisms of AuNPs in various organs. A rat PBK computational model was developed, connected to a detailed respiratory model, including the olfactory, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions.

[Gender-associated differences in bladder cancer].

Background And Objectives: Although the incidence of bladder cancer among women is lower, they tend to more often have advanced disease at presentation with a more aggressive course. It is still unclear which factors are responsible for the poorer prognosis of bladder cancer in women.

Materials And Methods: Original papers and reviews from 2004 until 2022 were identified in a PubMed search and evaluated.

The Accuracy of Sequential Urethral Frozen Section and its Impact on Urethral Recurrence After Radical Cystectomy.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of frozen section analysis (FSA) for detecting and eliminating malignant urethral margins during radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BC) and its impact on urethral recurrence.

Methods: Urethral margins were initially examined by FSA in 217 patients at RC. When positive, additional resections were performed.

The CAG-triplet in the androgen receptor gene and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in androgen pathway genes in patients with concomitant bladder and prostate cancer.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis whether the number of the C(ytosine)-A(denine)-G(uanine) triplets in the androgen receptor (AR-) gene and further single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the androgen-responsive element of the promoter region of genes regulating the androgen pathway influence oncologic outcomes in patients with concomitant bladder (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) at a predisposing level.

Material And Methods: A cohort of 36 patients was treated with radical cystectomy and histologically exhibited invasive BC and incidental PC. The number of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG)-triplets (rs4045402) in the AR gene was assessed in tumor-free lymph nodes as well as rs743572 in the CYP17A1 gene and rs676033, rs523349, rs9282858 in the SRD5A2.