Nuclear translocation of mitochondrial dehydrogenases as an adaptive cardioprotective mechanism.

Chemotherapy-induced cardiac damage remains a leading cause of death amongst cancer survivors. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is mediated by severe mitochondrial injury, but little is known about the mechanisms by which cardiomyocytes adaptively respond to the injury. We observed the translocation of selected mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle dehydrogenases to the nucleus as an adaptive stress response to anthracycline-cardiotoxicity in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and in vivo.

Outcomes and Revenue Generation of a Community-based Screening at a Center in the United States: The SToP Glaucoma Program.

Prcis: Of 611 individuals seen at referral clinic visits following community screenings, 76% were diagnosed with ≤1 eye condition needing treatment, generating a total of $213,110 in collections for the institution over 2.5 years.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes and revenue generation of community-based eye screenings.

MitoSwap - Mitophagy partnered with compensatory mitochondrial biogenesis during stem cell differentiation.

Differentiating stem cells must adapt their mitochondrial metabolism to fit the needs of the mature differentiated cell. In a recent study, we observed that during differentiation to an endothelial phenotype, pluripotent stem cell mitochondria are removed by mitophagy, triggering compensatory mitochondrial biogenesis to replenish the mitochondrial pool. We identified the mitochondrial phosphatase PGAM5 as the link between mitophagy and transcription of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulator PPARGC1A/PGC1α in the nucleus.

Providing vouchers and value information for already free eye exams increases uptake among a low-income minority population: A randomized trial.

We study whether vouchers without and with value information encourage attendance of already free follow-up appointments among low-income minority individuals referred for evaluation of possible eye disease. Between May 2017 and September 2018, 821 individuals referred from 114 screening events across Baltimore City were offered (1) standard referral for a free follow-up appointment and prescription glasses, (2) a paper voucher described as redeemable for free follow-up and prescription glasses, or (3) an otherwise identical paper voucher which also indicated the monetary value of the appointment ($250). Under all three conditions, all referred individuals received the same patient education, counseling, and appointment reminders.

Lessons Learned From 2 Large Community-based Glaucoma Screening Studies.

Community-based screening programs have had limited success in preventing vision loss from glaucoma due to overall low prevalence of glaucoma, screening limitations, and barriers to follow-up appointments. This editorial highlights lessons learned from 2 large prospective trials: the Philadelphia Telemedicine Glaucoma Detection and Follow-up Study and the Screening To Prevent Glaucoma Study. While some lessons are specific to ophthalmology, many lessons are applicable to screening for asymptomatic diseases in underserved, vulnerable communities.

Knowledge of patient emotional health status: impact on clinical care in glaucoma and retinal services.

Objective: Knowledge of a patient's emotional health status and using patient-centred communication may be key to providing early intervention and referral to appropriate treatment/support services for ophthalmology patients. This study aims to determine if and how ophthalmologists use anxiety and depression scores to determine clinical care of patients with chronic eye disease.

Methods And Analysis: This cross-sectional study included 10 ophthalmologists and a convenience sample of 100 of their patients (>18 years).

New obstacles and widening gaps: A qualitative study of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. adults with disabilities.

Background: Prior research has demonstrated that the needs of the disability community have not been met during public health emergencies. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing inequities for many populations including people with disabilities, and data is needed to develop inclusive public health response policies.

Objective: To identify how COVID-19 has uniquely impacted the lives of adults with disabilities.

Evaluation of a Portable Wavefront Aberrometer for Community Screening Refraction in the Elderly.

Significance: The SVOne may prove useful to quickly and easily assess refractive correction needs in community screenings and low-resource settings, but not all subjects were testable with the device.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the SVOne handheld, smartphone-based wavefront aberrometer with a tabletop autorefractor in identifying refractive errors in elderly subjects.

Methods: Participants 50 years or older at community eye screenings with visual acuity worse than 20/40 in either eye underwent autorefraction followed by two SVOne trials.

Evaluation of Tablet-Based Tests of Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity in Older Adults.

: Recent innovations in mobile technology for the measurement of vision present a valuable opportunity to measure visual function in non-clinical settings, such as in the home and in field-based surveys. This study evaluated agreement between a tablet-based measurement of distance and near acuity and contrast sensitivity as compared to gold-standard clinical tests.: Participants aged ≥55 years recruited from a tertiary eye clinic underwent testing with three tablet-based and corresponding gold-standard clinical measures (ETDRS distance acuity, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity, and MNRead near acuity).

Human Radiation Dosimetry for Orally and Intravenously Administered F-FDG.

Intravenous access is difficult in some patients referred for F-FDG PET imaging. Extravasation at the injection site and accumulation in central catheters can lead to limited tumor F-FDG uptake, erroneous quantitation, and significant image artifacts. In this study, we compared the human biodistribution and dosimetry for F-FDG after oral and intravenous administrations sequentially in the same subjects to ascertain the dosimetry and potential suitability of orally administered F-FDG as an alternative to intravenous administration.

Repeatability of brown adipose tissue measurements on FDG PET/CT following a simple cooling procedure for BAT activation.

Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is present in a significant number of adult humans and can be activated by exposure to cold. Measurement of active BAT presence, activity, and volume are desirable for determining the efficacy of potential treatments intended to activate BAT. The repeatability of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of BAT presence, activity, and volume under controlled conditions has not been extensively studied.

Dual sensory impairment: The association between glaucomatous vision loss and hearing impairment and function.

Background: Hearing impairment, vision impairment, and dual impairment (both hearing and vision impairment), have been independently associated with functional and cognitive decline. In prior studies of dual impairment, vision impairment is generally not defined or defined by visual acuity alone. Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness and does not affect visual acuity until late in the disease; instead, visual field loss is used to measure vision impairment from glaucoma.

Measurement of Brown Adipose Tissue Activity Using Microwave Radiometry and F-FDG PET/CT.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the operating characteristics of a microwave radiometry system in the noninvasive assessment of activated and nonactivated brown adipose tissue (BAT) and normal-tissue temperatures, reflecting metabolic activity in healthy human subjects. The radiometry data were compared with F-FDG PET/CT images in the same subjects. Microwave radiometry and F-FDG PET/CT were sequentially performed on 19 participants who underwent a cold intervention to maximize BAT activation.

Improving Follow-up and Reducing Barriers for Eye Screenings in Communities: The SToP Glaucoma Study.

Purpose: To evaluate factors associated with attendance to follow-up ophthalmic care, and to assess the impact of strategies to improve follow-up.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: This is an ongoing study to develop an eye screening paradigm, focusing on African Americans ≥50 years of age at multiple urban community sites in Baltimore, Maryland.

Optimizing Glaucoma Screening in High-Risk Population: Design and 1-Year Findings of the Screening to Prevent (SToP) Glaucoma Study.

Purpose: To develop, implement, and evaluate a replicable community-based screening intervention designed to improve glaucoma and other eye disease detection and follow-up care in high-risk populations in the United States. We present the design of the study and describe the findings of the first year of the program.

Design: Prospective study to evaluate screening and follow-up.

A comparison of FLT to FDG PET/CT in the early assessment of chemotherapy response in stages IB-IIIA resectable NSCLC.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the percentage change in F-fluorothymidine (FLT) standard uptake value (SUV) between baseline and after one cycle of chemotherapy in patients categorized by RECIST 1.1 computed tomography (CT) as responders or non-responders after two cycles of therapy. Change in F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake was also compared between these time points.

Inhibition of RAS function through targeting an allosteric regulatory site.

RAS GTPases are important mediators of oncogenesis in humans. However, pharmacological inhibition of RAS has proved challenging. Here we describe a functionally critical region, located outside the effector lobe of RAS, that can be targeted for inhibition.

The medial forebrain bundle as a deep brain stimulation target for treatment resistant depression: A review of published data.

Introduction: Despite a wide variety of therapeutic interventions for major depressive disorder (MDD), treatment resistant depression (TRD) remains to be prevalent and troublesome in clinical practice. In recent years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an alternative for individuals suffering from TRD not responding to combining antidepressants, multiple adjunctive strategies and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Although the best site for TRD-DBS is still unclear, pilot data suggests that the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) might be a key target to accomplish therapeutic efficacy in TRD patients.

Depression and coronary artery disease: the association, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.

We performed a comprehensive review of the literature to determine whether or not a relationship between depression and coronary artery disease exists. Our literature search supports the following: Depression and coronary artery disease have a bidirectional relationship, i.e.

Treatment-refractory bipolar disorder: classification to aid in clinical management.

Bipolar disorder is an illness with complex symptomatology that encompasses severe symptoms of mood and thought disorder and can limit the cognitive range of human brain functioning. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition and International Classification of Mental Disorder recommend subgroups of bipolar disorder based on symptoms, illness severity, and frequency of episodes. Pharmacological agents commonly used in the management of bipolar disorder include lithium; anticonvulsants, such as valproate, carbamazepine and lamotrigine; and recent years have witnessed increasing use of atypical antipsychotics.

Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal side effects in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: a systematic review.

Objectives: Newer atypical antipsychotics have been reported to cause a lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) than conventional agents. This review is to compare antipsychotic-induced EPS relative to placebo in bipolar disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia.

Methods: English-language literature cited in Medline was searched with terms antipsychotics, placebo-controlled trial, and bipolar disorder or schizophrenia and then with antipsychotic (generic/brand name), safety, akathisia, EPS, or anticholinergic use, bipolar mania/depression, BPD, or schizophrenia, and randomized clinical trial.

A review of sensitivity and tolerability of antipsychotics in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia: focus on somnolence.

Objective: This study compared the sensitivity and tolerability of antipsychotics in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

Data Sources: English-language literature from January 1966 to December 2006 cited in MEDLINE was searched for the terms antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotic, generic and brand names of antipsychotics, safety, tolerability, discontinuation due to adverse events, somnolence, and bipolar mania, bipolar depression, bipolar disorder, manic-depressive illness, or schizophrenia, randomized, double blind, and controlled clinical trial.

Study Selection: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, monotherapy studies of anti-psychotics in both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia were prioritized.

Update on quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder: results from the BOLDER studies.

The essential features of bipolar affective disorder involve the cyclical occurrence of high (manic or hypomanic episodes) and low mood states. Depressive episodes in both bipolar I and II disorder are more numerous and last for longer duration than either manic or hypomanic episodes. In addition depressive episodes are associated with higher morbidity and mortality.