Treatment Fidelity in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Heart Failure.

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an efficacious treatment for people with chronic insomnia, including those with heart failure (HF). Treatment fidelity evaluation is needed to ensure study validity and reliability.

Objective: The aim of this study was to apply the National Institutes of Health Behavioral Change Consortium framework to ensure adequate treatment fidelity in a randomized controlled trial of CBT-I for people with stable HF.

Development and Validation of a Model to Identify Critical Brain Injuries Using Natural Language Processing of Text Computed Tomography Reports.

Importance: Clinical text reports from head computed tomography (CT) represent rich, incompletely utilized information regarding acute brain injuries and neurologic outcomes. CT reports are unstructured; thus, extracting information at scale requires automated natural language processing (NLP). However, designing new NLP algorithms for each individual injury category is an unwieldy proposition.

Long-term ecological research and the COVID-19 anthropause: A window to understanding social-ecological disturbance.

The period of disrupted human activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, coined the "anthropause," altered the nature of interactions between humans and ecosystems. It is uncertain how the anthropause has changed ecosystem states, functions, and feedback to human systems through shifts in ecosystem services. Here, we used an existing disturbance framework to propose new investigation pathways for coordinated studies of distributed, long-term social-ecological research to capture effects of the anthropause.

Water Column Microbial Communities Vary along Salinity Gradients in the Florida Coastal Everglades Wetlands.

Planktonic microbial communities mediate many vital biogeochemical processes in wetland ecosystems, yet compared to other aquatic ecosystems, like oceans, lakes, rivers or estuaries, they remain relatively underexplored. Our study site, the Florida Everglades (USA)-a vast iconic wetland consisting of a slow-moving system of shallow rivers connecting freshwater marshes with coastal mangrove forests and seagrass meadows-is a highly threatened model ecosystem for studying salinity and nutrient gradients, as well as the effects of sea level rise and saltwater intrusion. This study provides the first high-resolution phylogenetic profiles of planktonic bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities (using 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicons) together with nutrient concentrations and environmental parameters at 14 sites along two transects covering two distinctly different drainages: the peat-based Shark River Slough (SRS) and marl-based Taylor Slough/Panhandle (TS/Ph).

Tropical cyclones cumulatively control regional carbon fluxes in Everglades mangrove wetlands (Florida, USA).

Mangroves are the most blue-carbon rich coastal wetlands contributing to the reduction of atmospheric CO through photosynthesis (sequestration) and high soil organic carbon (C) storage. Globally, mangroves are increasingly impacted by human and natural disturbances under climate warming, including pervasive pulsing tropical cyclones. However, there is limited information assessing cyclone's functional role in regulating wetlands carbon cycling from annual to decadal scales.

Dopamine D receptor availability in cocaine use disorder individuals with obesity as measured by [C]PHNO PET.

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) work with the dopamine D3 receptor (DR) preferring ligand [C]PHNO in obese individuals has demonstrated higher binding and positive correlations with body mass index (BMI) in otherwise healthy individuals. These findings implicated brain reward areas including the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) and pallidum. In cocaine use disorder (CUD), similar SN/VTA binding profiles have been found compared to healthy control subjects.

Anxiety Symptoms After Orthopedic Injury: A Systematic Review.

Background: Millions of Americans are injured each year, with 75% suffering orthopedic injuries. Those with orthopedic injury often experience postinjury symptoms, such as anxiety, that negatively influence long-term outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate (1) the prevalence of anxiety symptoms chronologically in relation to time of orthopedic injury, (2) the associations of anxiety symptoms with other symptoms in individuals with orthopedic injury, and (3) the associations between anxiety symptoms and functional performance and mental health outcomes in individuals with orthopedic injury.

Evaluating Recruitment Strategies for a Randomized Clinical Trial with Heart Failure Patients.

Recruiting participants with chronic medical conditions is time-consuming and expensive. Electronic medical record databases and patient portals may enable outreach to larger numbers of patients in comparison to face-to-face methods. We aimed to describe the yields, benefits, and limitations of recruitment strategies used for a randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia among patients with chronic stable heart failure (NCT02660385).

In vivo 5-HT and 5-HT receptor availability in antipsychotic treated schizophrenia patients vs. unmedicated healthy humans measured with [C]GSK215083 PET.

While 5-HT receptor is a potential therapeutic target for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SCZ), in vivo 5-HT receptor availability following antipsychotic treatment has not been examined to-date. We examined the availability of 5-HT and 5-HT receptors following treatment with olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole and quetiapine in male patients with SCZ vs unmedicated age-matched healthy male controls (HC) using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [C]GSK215083. [C]GSK215083 has been shown to have selectivity for 5-HT in the striatum and 5-HT in the cortex.

Effects of age, BMI and sex on the glial cell marker TSPO - a multicentre [C]PBR28 HRRT PET study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ageing, sex and body mass index (BMI) on translocator protein (TSPO) availability in healthy subjects using positron emission tomography (PET) and the radioligand [C]PBR28.

Methods: [C]PBR28 data from 140 healthy volunteers (72 males and 68 females; N = 78 with HAB and N = 62 MAB genotype; age range 19-80 years; BMI range 17.6-36.

Salinity pulses interact with seasonal dry-down to increase ecosystem carbon loss in marshes of the Florida Everglades.

Coastal wetlands are globally important sinks of organic carbon (C). However, to what extent wetland C cycling will be affected by accelerated sea-level rise (SLR) and saltwater intrusion is unknown, especially in coastal peat marshes where water flow is highly managed. Our objective was to determine how the ecosystem C balance in coastal peat marshes is influenced by elevated salinity.

Age-Related Change in 5-HT Receptor Availability in Healthy Male Volunteers Measured with C-GSK215083 PET.

Serotonin receptor 6 (5-hydroxytrypamine-6, or 5-HT) is a potential therapeutic target given its distribution in brain regions that are important in depression, anxiety, and cognition. This study sought to investigate the effects of age on 5-HT receptor availability using C-GSK215083, a PET ligand with affinity for 5-HT in the striatum and 5-HT in the cortex. Twenty-eight healthy male volunteers (age range, 23-52 y) were scanned with C-GSK215083 PET.

Regional and source-based patterns of [C]-(+)-PHNO binding potential reveal concurrent alterations in dopamine D and D receptor availability in cocaine-use disorder.

Dopamine type 2 and type 3 receptors (DR/DR) appear critical to addictive disorders. Cocaine-use disorder (CUD) is associated with lower DR availability and greater DR availability in regions primarily expressing DR or DR concentrations, respectively. However, these CUD-related alterations in DR and DR have not been concurrently detected using available dopaminergic radioligands.

Domain Adaptation Methods for Improving Lab-to-field Generalization of Cocaine Detection using Wearable ECG.

Mobile health research on illicit drug use detection typically involves a two-stage study design where data to learn detectors is first collected in lab-based trials, followed by a deployment to subjects in a free-living environment to assess detector performance. While recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of wearable sensors for illicit drug use detection in the lab setting, several key problems can limit lab-to-field generalization performance. For example, lab-based data collection often has low ecological validity, the ground-truth event labels collected in the lab may not be available at the same level of temporal granularity in the field, and there can be significant variability between subjects.

Elevated Dopamine D Receptor Availability in Obese Individuals: A PET Imaging Study with [C](+)PHNO.

Most prior work with positron emission tomography (PET) dopamine subtype 2/3 receptor (DR) non-selective antagonist tracers suggests that obese (OB) individuals exhibit lower DRs when compared with normal weight (NW) individuals. A D-preferring DR agonist tracer, [C](+)PHNO, has demonstrated that body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with DR availability within striatal reward regions. To date, OB individuals have not been studied with [C](+)PHNO.

Age-related changes in binding of the D2/3 receptor radioligand [(11)C](+)PHNO in healthy volunteers.

Objective: Previous imaging studies with positron emission tomography (PET) have reliably demonstrated an age-associated decline in the dopamine system. Most of these studies have focused on the densities of dopamine receptor subtypes D2/3R (D2R family) in the striatum using antagonist radiotracers that are largely nonselective for D2R vs. D3R subtypes.

A preliminary study of dopamine D2/3 receptor availability and social status in healthy and cocaine dependent humans imaged with [(11)C](+)PHNO.

Background: Previous work in healthy non-human primates and humans has shown that social status correlates positively with dopamine 2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability imaged with antagonist radioligands and positron emission tomography (PET). Further work in non-human primates suggests that this relationship is disrupted by chronic cocaine administration. This exploratory study examined the relationship between social status and D2/3R availability in healthy (HH) and cocaine dependent (CD) humans using the D3-preferring, agonist radioligand, [(11)C](+)PHNO.