Tailoring follow-up endoscopy in patients with severe oesophagitis.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical utility of follow-up oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD2) in patients with severe oesophagitis (Los Angeles grades C or D) through evaluating the yield of Barrett's oesophagus (BO), cancer, dysplasia and strictures. Second, we aimed to determine if the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) may be used to identify patients to undergo OGD2s.

Design/method: Patients in NHS Lothian with an index OGD (OGD1) diagnosis of severe oesophagitis between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015 were identified.

Risk stratifying gastric ulcers: development and validation of a scoring system.

Objective: Debate is ongoing regarding the need for universal endoscopic follow-up to ensure gastric ulcer healing. We aimed to assess the value of follow-up oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopies (OGDs) for gastric ulcer healing and stratify patients according to risk of malignancy by developing a risk score.

Design/method: All patients in National Health Service (NHS) Lothian with an index OGD and a diagnosis of gastric ulcer between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018 were identified.

Update of endoscopy in liver disease: more than just treating varices.

The management of complications in liver disease is often complex and challenging. Endoscopy has undergone a period of rapid expansion with numerous novel and specialized endoscopic modalities that are of increasing value in the investigation and management of the patient with liver disease. In this review, relevant literature search and expert opinions have been used to provide a brief overview and update of the current endoscopic management of patients with liver disease and portal hypertension.

Circulating apoptotic and necrotic cell death markers in patients with acute liver injury.

Background: The host response to cell death underpins the immune activation that follows acute liver injury, and measurement of circulating cell death markers could therefore aid prognostication following paracetamol overdose. Nucleosomes, formed during apoptosis, can complex with high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and may play a pathogenic role in liver injury.

Aims: To explore the levels and prognostic significance of nucleosomes, HMGB1, and other cell death markers following acute liver injury.

A case-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts after liver transplantation.

The role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) insertion in managing the complications of portal hypertension is well established, but its utility in patients who have previously undergone liver transplantation is not well documented. Twenty-two orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients and 44 nontransplant patients (matched controls) who underwent TIPS were analyzed. In the OLT patients, the TIPS procedure was performed at a median of 44.

Coffee and the liver: a potential treatment for liver disease?

Liver disease is the fifth commonest cause of death in the UK. Observational and case-controlled studies have suggested that coffee is beneficial in liver disease, but this evidence has yet to be evaluated or placed into the context of the natural history of liver disease. The aim of this study was to review the current evidence for the role of coffee in liver disease.