Genetic improvement of hip-extended scores in 3 breeds of guide dogs using estimated breeding values: Notable progress but more improvement is needed.

Two hip quality phenotypes-a hip-extended score assigned by a board certified radiologist and the PennHIP distraction index-were analyzed to estimate genetic parameters and to calculate estimated breeding values used for selecting replacement breeders. Radiographs obtained at 12-18 months of age were available on 5,201 German Shepherd Dogs, 4,987 Labrador Retrievers and 2,308 Golden Retrievers. Obtained by fitting a two-trait model using Bayesian techniques, estimates of heritability for the hip-extended score were 0.

Lessons from a non-domestic canid: joint disease in captive raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides).

The purpose of this study was to describe pathological changes of the shoulder, elbow, hip and stifle joints of 16 museum skeletons of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). The subjects had been held in long-term captivity and were probably used for fur farming or research, thus allowing sufficient longevity for joint disease to become recognisable. The prevalence of disorders that include osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis and changes compatible with hip dysplasia, was surprisingly high.

Radiographic hip joint phenotype of the Pembroke Welsh Corgi.

Objective: To investigate the radiographic hip joint phenotype of the Pembroke Welsh Corgi.

Study Design: Prospective and retrospective cross-sectional study.

Animals: Pembroke Welsh Corgis (n = 399).

Chronology of hip dysplasia development in a cohort of 48 Labrador retrievers followed for life.

Objective: To determine the chronology of radiographic signs of canine hip dysplasia (CHD), specifically joint laxity and secondary osteoarthritis (OA).

Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Animals: Paired littermates, 48 Labrador retrievers.

Evaluation of the relationship between Orthopedic Foundation for Animals' hip joint scores and PennHIP distraction index values in dogs.

Objective: To compare 2 screening methods for detecting evidence of hip dysplasia (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals [OFA] and PennHIP) in dogs.

Design: Diagnostic test evaluation study. Animals-439 dogs >or= 24 months of age that received routine hip joint screening from June 1987 through July 2008.

External fixator clamp reuse degrades clamp mechanical performance.

Objective: To determine the effects of clamp reuse for the Kirschner-Ehmer (KE); Securos; and the IMEX-SK clamp.

Study Design: Experimental bench test of mechanical properties.

Methods: Specially designed fixtures were used to mechanically test 18 clamps of each type with respect to 6 mechanical variables: fixator pin slippage, connecting bar slippage, fixator pin rotation, connecting bar rotation, and clockwise and counterclockwise clamp-bolt axis pivot.

Effects of osteoarthritis on radiographic measures of laxity and congruence in hip joints of Labrador Retrievers.

OBJECTIVE- To determine effects of hip joint osteoarthritis on radiographic measures of hip joint laxity and congruence. DESIGN- Longitudinal study. ANIMALS- 40 Labrador Retrievers.

Un-united medial epicondyle of the humerus: radiographic prevalence and association with elbow osteoarthritis in a cohort of labrador retrievers.

Objective: To longitudinally characterize the radiographic appearance of un-united medial epicondyle (UME) of the humerus, evaluate UME association with osteoarthritis (OA) and consider its relevance to the elbow dysplasia complex.

Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Animals: Labrador retrievers (n=48) from 7 litters.

The effects of lifetime food restriction on the development of osteoarthritis in the canine shoulder.

Objective: To report effects of age and lifetime food restriction on development and progression of shoulder joint osteoarthritis (OA) in Labrador retriever dogs.

Study Design: Longitudinal life-span, cohort study.

Animals: Labrador retriever dogs (n=48).

Failure mode and bending moment of canine pancarpal arthrodesis constructs stabilized with two different implant systems.

Objective: To compare failure mode and bending moment of a canine pancarpal arthrodesis construct using either a 2.7 mm/3.5 mm hybrid dynamic compression plate (HDCP) or a 3.

Diet restriction and ageing in the dog: major observations over two decades.

This report reviews decade two of the lifetime diet restriction study of the dog. Labrador retrievers (n 48) were paired at age 6 weeks by sex and weight within each of seven litters, and assigned randomly within the pair to control-feeding (CF) or 25 % diet restriction (DR). Feeding began at age 8 weeks.

Evaluation of a circumferential femoral head osteophyte as an early indicator of osteoarthritis characteristic of canine hip dysplasia in dogs.

Objective: To determine the relationship between a circumferential femoral head osteophyte (CFHO) and osteoarthritis characteristic of canine hip dysplasia, and to ascertain whether CFHO, like osteoarthritis, varies between diet-restricted and control-fed dogs.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Animals: 48 Labrador Retrievers.

Kinetic gait analysis of healthy dogs on two different surfaces.

Objective: To determine the effects of 2 different, commonly used surfaces with different coefficients of friction on ground reaction forces in normal dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, observational, single cross-over study.

Animals: Dogs (n=10) with no gait abnormalities.

Lifelong diet restriction and radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis of the hip joint in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of diet restriction on development of radiographic evidence of hip joint osteoarthritis in dogs.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Animals: 48 Labrador Retrievers from 7 litters.

Evaluation of the Norberg angle threshold: a comparison of Norberg angle and distraction index as measures of coxofemoral degenerative joint disease susceptibility in seven breeds of dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the thresholds of 2 radiographic methods used to determine coxofemoral joint laxity in 7 breeds of dogs.

Animals: Three hundred and fifty clinically normal dogs.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Effects of electrostimulated acupuncture on ground reaction forces and pain scores in dogs with chronic elbow joint arthritis.

Objective: To determine whether use of electrostimuluated acupuncture (ESA) would result in significant improvements in ground reaction forces and lameness scores in dogs with chronic elbow joint osteoarthritis secondary to elbow joint dysplasia.

Design: Randomized, controlled, crossover clinical trial.

Animals: 9 dogs with chronic forelimb lameness and radiographic evidence of elbow joint osteoarthritis.

Estimates of prevalence of hip dysplasia in Golden Retrievers and Rottweilers and the influence of bias on published prevalence figures.

Objective: To estimate prevalence of canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in Golden Retrievers and Rottweilers and identify sources of bias in published reports.

Design: Prospective study.

Animals: 200 clinically normal Golden Retrievers and 140 clinically normal Rottweilers between 24 and 60 months of age referred for hip evaluation (group 1) and 93 clinically normal dogs evaluated for Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) hip certification (group 2).

Risk factors for recurrence of clinical signs associated with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation in dogs: 229 cases (1994-2000).

Objective: To assess risk factors for recurrence of clinical signs associated with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) in dogs that had decompressive laminectomy without attempted prophylactic treatment of other disk spaces.

Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: 229 dogs.

Use of the caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte as an early marker for future development of osteoarthritis associated with hip dysplasia in dogs.

Objective: To determine the relationship between the caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte (CCO) and osteoarthritis associated with hip dysplasia in dogs.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Animals: 48 Labrador Retrievers from 7 litters.

Comparison of two radiographic techniques for evaluation of hip joint laxity in 10 breeds of dogs.

Objective: To evaluate hip joint laxity in 10 breeds of dogs via 2 radiographic techniques.

Animals: 500 clinically normal dogs.

Design: Prospective study.