Canine Brief Pain Inventory scores for dogs with osteoarthritis before and after administration of a monoclonal antibody against nerve growth factor.

Objective: To determine changes in Canine Brief Pain Inventory scores for dogs with osteoarthritis after administration of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against nerve growth factor (NGF) that was modified by use of a proprietary process for administration to dogs.

Animals: 11 adult dogs.

Procedures: Dogs received the anti-NGF mAb (0.

Widespread differential maternal and paternal genome effects on fetal bone phenotype at mid-gestation.

Parent-of-origin-dependent (epi)genetic factors are important determinants of prenatal development that program adult phenotype. However, data on magnitude and specificity of maternal and paternal genome effects on fetal bone are lacking. We used an outbred bovine model to dissect and quantify effects of parental genomes, fetal sex, and nongenetic maternal effects on the fetal skeleton and analyzed phenotypic and molecular relationships between fetal muscle and bone.

A policy at the University of Adelaide for student objections to the use of animals in teaching.

In veterinary medical education, the use of animals or cadaveric tissue as a component of teaching practice is common. Teachers are required, during the process of ethical review, to apply the 3 Rs principle (replacement, refinement, reduction) whenever they consider using animals during a teaching exercise. This often involves use of replacement strategies, such as utilization of video footage or simulation-based training.

Maternal and paternal genomes differentially affect myofibre characteristics and muscle weights of bovine fetuses at midgestation.

Postnatal myofibre characteristics and muscle mass are largely determined during fetal development and may be significantly affected by epigenetic parent-of-origin effects. However, data on such effects in prenatal muscle development that could help understand unexplained variation in postnatal muscle traits are lacking. In a bovine model we studied effects of distinct maternal and paternal genomes, fetal sex, and non-genetic maternal effects on fetal myofibre characteristics and muscle mass.

Sphene ceramics for orthopedic coating applications: an in vitro and in vivo study.

The host response to titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is not always favorable as a fibrous layer may form at the skeletal tissue-device interface, causing aseptic loosening. Recently, sphene (CaTiSiO(5)) ceramics were developed by incorporating Ti in the Ca-Si system, and found to exhibit improved chemical stability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro response of human osteoblast-like cells, human osteoclasts and human microvascular endothelial cells to sphene ceramics and determine whether coating Ti-6Al-4V implants with sphene enhances anchorage to surrounding bone.

Bone growth is enhanced by novel bioceramic coatings on Ti alloy implants.

Calcium phosphate ceramics are widely used as coating materials to orthopedic implants and are found to enhance initial bony ingrowth by stimulating osseous apposition to the implant surface. In this study, two novel calcium orthophosphate materials were selected for coating onto the commonly used orthopedic implant material Ti-6Al- 4V. One was calcium alkali orthophosphate with the crystalline phase Ca10[K/Na](PO4)7 with a small addition of SiO2 (AW-Si) and the other was calcium orthophosphate composed of 70 mol % fluorapatite, Ca10(PO4)6F2 and 30 mol % CaZr4(PO4)6 (FA7Z).

In vitro heterogeneity of osteogenic cell populations at various equine skeletal sites.

Bone cell cultures were evaluated to determine if osteogenic cell populations at different skeletal sites in the horse are heterogeneous. Osteogenic cells were isolated from cortical and cancellous bone in vitro by an explant culture method. Subcultured cells were induced to differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts.

Adsorption of bisphosphonate onto hydroxyapatite using a novel co-precipitation technique for bone growth enhancement.

Premature bone resorption and remodeling by osteoclasts can limit the longevity of implant fixation and recovery time. Orally administered bisphosphonates (BPs) have been used to inhibit osteoclast action at the implant/bone interface. Ideally, these should be delivered at the interface with the osteoblast-active hydroxyapatite (HA) for maximum effect.

Mechanical loading modulates glutamate receptor subunit expression in bone.

The cellular mechanisms coupling mechanical loading with bone remodeling remain unclear. In the CNS, the excitatory amino acid glutamate (Glu) serves as a potent neurotransmitter exerting its effects via various membrane Glu receptors (GluR). Nerves containing Glu exist close to bone cells expressing functional GluRs.

The effect of Gu-Sui-Bu (Drynaria fortunei) on bone cell activity.

We investigated the effects of Gu-Sui-Bu using in vitro bone cell cultures. Primary rabbit and mouse marrow cells were cultured with or without five different concentrations of Gu-Sui-Bu extract. Osteoclast numbers were assessed using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cell counts and for function, osteoclast resorption pits on bovine bone slices were performed.

Wear-particle-induced osteoclast osteolysis: the role of particulates and mechanical strain.

Periprosthetic osteolysis involves osteoclast activation by wear particulates and their exposure to mechanical perturbation through exposure to shear forces generated by periprosthetic fluid as well as interface micromotion. This study aimed to determine the interactions between wear particulates, mechanical stimulation, and osteoclasts. In static cultures, wear particulates increased osteoclast differentiation.

In vitro comparison of equine cancellous bone graft donor sites and tibial periosteum as sources of viable osteoprogenitors.

Objective: To compare the osteogenic potential of cancellous bone of conventional graft sites with that of one nonconventional site (fourth coccygeal vertebra) and to investigate the tibial periosteum as a donor site with respect to osteogenic potential.

Study Design: In vitro osteogenic cell culture system.

Sample Population: Eight adult horses.

Mechanical characterization of a novel cell stimulating system (CSS) to apply dynamic, uniform and isotropic biaxial strains to cells in vitro.

Mechanical loading alters cellular responses. While in vitro mechanical stimulation is a powerful tool for exploration of mechanotransduction, very little has been published documenting techniques for validation of such devices. We have developed an in vitro experimental system that imposes well-defined temporal and spatial strain profiles using a pressure-actuated, tethered diaphragm substrate (Bioflex dishes).

In vitro osteoclast resorption of bone substitute biomaterials used for implant site augmentation: a pilot study.

Purpose: This observational study examined the resorptive behavior of normal neonatal rabbit osteoclasts grown on slices of bovine cortical bone as compared to samples of commercially available bone substitute biomaterials. It also examined the surface characteristics of these materials.

Materials And Methods: The 11 materials tested fell into 3 groups: (1) bone-derived, including freeze-dried human rib block, human demineralized freeze-dried bone, and deproteinated bovine bone; (2) synthetic hydroxyapatites (HA); and (3) synthetic non-HA, including coated methacrylates and coated silica glass.