Effects of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extractive on antioxidant capacity, production performance, and immune mechanism of breeding pigeons under stress.

With the large-scale and intensive development of pigeon breeding industry and the improvement of production level, stress factors have an important impact on the immune, antioxidant capacity, and productivity of pigeons. In this study, the extenuating effect of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Ligustrum lucidum (AEF) on the antioxidant, production performance, and immune mechanism was investigated in breeding pigeons. Eighty pairs of 11-month-old healthy breeding pigeons with the same egg production batch were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C group), treated with AEF (AEF group), in restraint stress (S group) and treated with AEF and in restraint stress (S+AEF group).

ETEC regulates GPR109A expression in intestinal epithelial cells mediated by inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages.

Gut microbes control host immunity and homeostasis, and their abnormal changes are associated with the occurrence and development of diseases. GPR109A is an essential receptor on intestinal epithelial cells and interacts with gut microbes. Moreover, increased Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 strain colonization promotes GPR109A expression in vivo.

Sodium butyrate exerts antioxidant stress effects and attenuates Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common neurodegenerative disease, is characterised by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that Aβ causes neuronal damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Herein, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of sodium butyrate (NaB) against Aβ induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Implications of Gut Microbiota in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The morbidity associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is increasing, posing a threat to the mental and physical quality of life of humans. The crucial effect of microbiota on brain physiological processes is mediated through a bidirectional interaction, termed as the gut-brain axis (GBA), which is being investigated in studies. Many clinical and laboratory trials have indicated the importance of microbiota in the development of NDs various microbial molecules that transmit from the gut to the brain across the GBA or nervous system.

Citric Acid Promoting B Lymphocyte Differentiation and Anti-epithelial Cells Apoptosis Mediate the Protective Effects of Feed in ETEC Induced Piglets Diarrhea.

Newborn piglets are prone to diarrhea after weaning as a result of changes in their environment and feed. Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) K88 strain is a typical pathogen that causes diarrhea in such stage of piglets. larvae are widely used in livestock and poultry production because of their high nutritional value and immunoregulatory effects.

Dietary Larvae Replacement Alleviates Diarrhea and Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets Challenged With Enterotoxigenic K88.

A high-quality protein substitute, (black soldier fly) larvae powder, is rich in protein and often used in animal feed. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and optimal ratio of replacing fish meal with larvae in weaned piglets and to demonstrate the effects on piglets' growth performance, intestinal microflora and immune performance. Forty-eight female weaned piglets were randomly classified into three groups.