Adverse Childhood Experiences in Obesity and Hypertension Among Young Adults in Delhi-NCR, India.

Objectives: Despite growing evidence linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with physical health conditions such as obesity and hypertension, research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including India, remains limited. This study aims to examine the relationship between ACE exposure and the risk of overweight/obesity and hypertension among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study involved 1702 young adults of both sexes.

Positive childhood experiences in mental health of young adults across adverse childhood experiences levels: A study from Delhi-NCR, India.

Background: While the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adult health outcomes has received substantial scientific attention, the role of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) has far less widely been explored, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: The present study aimed to understand the association of exposure to cumulative and individual PCEs with current depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India, independently and across ACE exposure levels.

Participants And Setting: This cross-sectional study involved 1553 young adults (aged 18-25) of both sexes (70.

Prevalence and predictors of positive childhood experiences and their relationship with adverse childhood experiences among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India.

Background: Although positive childhood experiences (PCEs) have been reported to be crucial for healthy development and better mental and physical health outcomes, their epidemiology and relationship with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) exposure in low and middle-income countries, including India remain underexplored.

Aims: The present study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and predictors of PCE exposure and understand the relationship between PCE and ACE exposure among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study involved a total of 1,573 young adults (18-25 years) of both sexes (69.

Nationwide analysis of air pollution hotspots across India: A spatiotemporal PM trend analysis (2008-2019).

Introduction: India experiences high levels of air pollution as measured by fine particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM) across the country. With limited resources, it is imperative to identify the most impacted areas.

Health effects of selected environmental Exposomes Across the Life courSe in Indian populations using longitudinal cohort studies: GEOHealth HEALS Study protocol.

Introduction: Air pollution presents a major public health threat to India, affecting more than three quarters of the country's population. In the current project, GEOHealth Health Effects of Selected Environmental Exposomes Across the Life CourSe-India, we aim to study the effect of environmental exposomes-fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone (O) and extremes of temperature-on multiple health outcomes using a modified life course approach. The associated training grant aims to build capacity in India to address the unique environmental health problems.

Novel genomic variants related to visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI) in Indian sib-pairs.

Background: Obesity is among the leading public health threats globally. Over the last few years, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body adiposity index (BAI), derived from anthropometric, and biochemical measures, have gained importance as a measure of obesity. However, unlike other common indices like body mass index, and waist circumference, the genetic predisposition of VAI, and BAI under-examined.

Longitudinal associations between ambient PM exposure and lipid levels in two Indian cities.

Background: Exposure to ambient PM is known to affect lipid metabolism through systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from developing countries, such as India with high levels of ambient PM and distinct lipid profiles, is sparse.

Methods: Longitudinal nonlinear mixed-effects analysis was conducted on >10,000 participants of Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) cohort in Chennai and Delhi, India.

Nationwide estimation of daily ambient PM from 2008 to 2020 at 1 km in India using an ensemble approach.

High-resolution assessment of historical levels is essential for assessing the health effects of ambient air pollution in the large Indian population. The diversity of geography, weather patterns, and progressive urbanization, combined with a sparse ground monitoring network makes it challenging to accurately capture the spatiotemporal patterns of ambient fine particulate matter (PM) pollution in India. We developed a model for daily average ambient PM between 2008 and 2020 based on monitoring data, meteorology, land use, satellite observations, and emissions inventories.

Evaluation of genetic variants related to lipid levels among the North Indian population.

A heavy burden of cardiometabolic conditions on low- and middle-income countries like India that are rapidly undergoing urbanization remains unaddressed. Indians are known to have high levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL-C along with moderately higher levels of LDL-C. The genome-wide findings from Western populations need to be validated in an Indian context for a better understanding of the underlying etiology of dyslipidemia in India.

Association of Low Birth Weight with the Risk of Childhood Stunting in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Stunting is an important predictor of growth and development of children under 5 years of age, and it remains the significant problem in LMIC. However, LBW emerges as risk factor, but its association with LMIC needs attention.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association of low birth weight with the risk of childhood stunting among the age group of 0-5 years in LMICs.

Adverse childhood experiences in mental health of young adults: An exploratory study from Delhi-NCR, India.

Background: Despite the growing realization regarding the importance of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in adult health outcomes, this area of research has received little scientific attention in low- and middle-income countries, including India.

Aims: To understand the overall and domain-specific association of exposure to ACEs with current depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being among young adults of Delhi-NCR.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,812 young adults (aged 18-25 years) of both sexes (68.

Genetic associations of TMEM154, PRC1 and ZFAND6 loci with type 2 diabetes in an endogamous business community of North India.

Background: More than 250 loci have been identified by genome-wide scans for type 2 diabetes in different populations. South Asians have a very different manifestation of the diseases and hence role of these loci need to be investigated among Indians with huge burden of cardio-metabolic disorders. Thus the present study aims to validate the recently identified GWAS loci in an endogamous caste population in North India.

Genetic architecture of adiposity measures among Asians: Findings from GWAS.

Adiposity has gradually become a global public threat over the years with drastic increase in the attributable deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Given an increased metabolic risk among Asians as compared to Europeans for any given body mass index (BMI) and considering the differences in genetic architecture between them, the present review aims to summarize the findings from genome-wide scans for various adiposity indices and related anthropometric measures from Asian populations. The search for related studies, published till February 2022, were made on PubMed and GWAS Catalog using search strategy built with relevant keywords joined by Boolean operators.

Lung Function and Respiratory Morbidity Among Informal Workers Exposed to Cement Dust: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Cement dust is a significant source of occupational exposure affecting lung function and respiratory health. A higher burden of respiratory morbidity is known among factory workers involved in cement production. Globally or from India, there are no estimates of this burden from informal workers exposed to cement dust.

Epigenetic age acceleration in the emerging burden of cardiometabolic diseases among migrant and non-migrant African populations: the population based cross-sectional RODAM study.

Background: African populations are experiencing health transitions due to rapid urbanization and international migration. However, the role of biological aging in this emerging burden of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) among migrant and non-migrant Africans is unknown. We aimed to examine differences in epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) as measured by four clocks (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge and GrimAge) and their associations with cardiometabolic factors among migrant Ghanaians in Europe and non-migrant Ghanaians.

Impact of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index on maternal, fetal and neonatal adverse outcomes in the worldwide populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted to investigate the effect of stratified pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index on twenty maternal and fetal/neonatal adverse outcomes.

Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Embase, Web of Science databases were searched from inception till July 11, 2020. Cohort studies were included.

A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study to evaluate the causal role of reduced blood vitamin D levels with type 2 diabetes risk in South Asians and Europeans.

Context: Multiple observational studies have reported an inverse relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (25(OH)D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the results of short- and long-term interventional trials concerning the relationship between 25(OH)D and T2D risk have been inconsistent.

Objectives And Methods: To evaluate the causal role of reduced blood 25(OH)D in T2D, here we have performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study using 59,890 individuals (5,862 T2D cases and 54,028 controls) from European and Asian Indian ancestries.

Association of MC4R (rs17782313) gene polymorphism with obesity measures in Western India.

Background And Aims: The association of melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) gene with adiposity measures is widely studied in European populations. Only six studies have investigated the role of MC4R gene with adiposity measures among Indian populations. We have evaluated the role of MC4R (rs17782313) gene polymorphism in influencing adiposity measures in India among children and adults.

Building capacity for air pollution epidemiology in India.

Air pollution represents a major public health threat in India affecting 19% of the world's population at extreme levels. Despite this, research in India lags behind in large part due to a lack of comprehensive air pollution exposure assessment that can be used in conjunction with health data to investigate health effects. Our vision is to provide a consortium to rapidly expand the evidence base of the multiple effects of ambient air pollution.

Effect of supplemental nutrition in pregnancy on offspring's risk of cardiovascular disease in young adulthood: Long-term follow-up of a cluster trial from India.

Background: Undernutrition during intrauterine life and early childhood is hypothesised to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis), but experimental evidence from humans is limited. This hypothesis has major implications for control of the cardiovascular disease epidemic in South Asia (home to a quarter of world's population), where a quarter of newborns have low birth weight. We investigated whether, in an area with prevalent undernutrition, supplemental nutrition offered to pregnant women and their offspring below the age of 6 years was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in the offspring when they were young adults.

Leveraging Existing Cohorts to Study Health Effects of Air Pollution on Cardiometabolic Disorders: India Global Environmental and Occupational Health Hub.

Air pollution is a growing public health concern in developing countries and poses a huge epidemiological burden. Despite the growing awareness of ill effects of air pollution, the evidence linking air pollution and health effects is sparse. This requires environmental exposure scientist and public health researchers to work more cohesively to generate evidence on health impacts of air pollution in developing countries for policy advocacy.

The mutational spectrum of Myocilin gene among familial versus sporadic cases of Juvenile onset open angle glaucoma.

Purpose: Juvenile onset primary open angle glaucoma (JOAG) is a rare disorder associated with high IOP and progressive optic neuropathy in patients diagnosed before the age of 40 years. While in some populations it has primarily an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, in others it occurs in a primarily sporadic form. The main aim of the study was to assess the relative prevalence of Myocilin (MYOC) mutations in familial versus sporadic cases of JOAG.

Causal relationships between lipid and glycemic levels in an Indian population: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach.

Background: Dyslipidemia and abnormal glycemic traits are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Although the association between the two traits is well established, there still exists a gap in the evidence for the direction of causality.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the direction of the causal relationship between lipids and glycemic traits in an Indian population using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (BMR).

Genetic underpinnings of lung function and COPD.

Spirometry based measurement of lung function is a global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) standard to diagnose chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The environmental and behavioural risk factors for COPD includes tobacco smoking, air pollutants and biomass fuel exposure, which can induce one or more abnormal lung function patterns. While smoking remains the primary risk factor, only 15-20% smokers develop COPD, indicating that the genetic factors are also likely to play a role.