2023 Update of Indian National Association for Study of the Liver Consensus on Management of Intermediate and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Puri III Recommendations.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents significant treatment challenges despite considerable advancements in its management. The Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver (INASL) first published its guidelines to aid healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC in 2014. These guidelines were subsequently updated in 2019.

Daily waiting time management for modern radiation oncology department in Indian perspective.

Introduction: Radiation therapy is one of the most technically sophisticated branch of medical sciences which caters to very ill patients, some of whom may be terminally ill. Since patients are treated on an outpatient basis which requires daily visit to hospital for a number of days, it can make them sensitive toward any increase in waiting time for their radiation treatment. This could be a source of stress for them.

Comparison of the gross tumor volume in end-expiration/end-inspiration (2 Phase) and summated all phase volume captured in four-dimensional computed tomography in carcinoma lung patients.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the delineation and treatment planning of 2 Phase based (end-expiration and end-inspiration) internal gross tumor volume (IGTV) with 10-phase based (four-dimensional [4D]) IGTV.

Materials And Methods: Patients with lung tumors at different sites were selected for the study. The location of the tumor in Groups A, B, C were at the upper lobe (attached to the chest wall), middle lobe, and lower lobe, respectively.

A Review of Automatic Methods Based on Image Processing Techniques for Tuberculosis Detection from Microscopic Sputum Smear Images.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. TB remains one of the leading causes of death in developing countries, and its recent resurgences in both developed and developing countries warrant global attention.

A technique to reduce low dose region for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) with RapidArc and its dosimetric comparison with 3D conformal technique (3DCRT).

We proposed a method to reduce the volume of normal tissues irradiated by low doses in patients receiving CSI with RapidArc (RA) using Avoidance-Sector technique (RA+AS) and to compare its dosimetric implications with RA using full-arc (RA+FA) and 3D conformal technique (3DCRT). Four patients of CSI were retrospectively planned with 3DCRT, RA+FA, and RA+AS. Conformity-Index (CI), Homogeneity-Index (HI), and Paddick Gradient-Index (GI) were calculated.

A comparison between four immobilization systems for pelvic radiation therapy using CBCT and paired kilovoltage portals based image-guided radiotherapy.

Introduction: We commonly use 6- and 4-clamped thermoplastic molds (TMs) for rigid immobilization during pelvic radiotherapy (RT), sometimes a vacuum cushion (VC) is also used as leg support with TM. Our objective was to report the setup margins (SMs) associated with the different systems, to analyze whether any of these systems is superior, and to analyze whether any of them showed better reproducibility in any particular direction.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis was done by dividing the patients into four groups: 6-clamp with VC (6CVC), 6-clamp without VC (6CNC), 4-clamp with VC (4CVC), and 4-clamp without VC (4CNC).

Image-Guided Radiation Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder with Cone Beam CT Scan: Use of Individualized Internal Target Volumes for a Single Patient.

Introduction: While planning radiation therapy (RT) for a carcinoma of the urinary bladder (CaUB), the intra-fractional variation of the urinary bladder (UB) volume due to filling-up needs to be accounted for. This internal target volume (ITV) is obtained by adding internal margins (IM) to the contoured bladder. This study was planned to propose a method of acquiring individualized ITVs for each patient and to verify their reproducibility.

High strain rate deformation of layered nanocomposites.

Insight into the mechanical behaviour of nanomaterials under the extreme condition of very high deformation rates and to very large strains is needed to provide improved understanding for the development of new protective materials. Applications include protection against bullets for body armour, micrometeorites for satellites, and high-speed particle impact for jet engine turbine blades. Here we use a microscopic ballistic test to report the responses of periodic glassy-rubbery layered block-copolymer nanostructures to impact from hypervelocity micron-sized silica spheres.

Genetic screening: The vista of genomic medicine.

The accelerating development of biochemical and DNA-based diagnostic tests for human genetic conditions in the last decade has engendered a revolution in genetic diagnosis. Both genetic testing and genetic screening involve the same testing processes to examine an individual's chromosomes, DNA, or the biochemical product of a gene, typically a protein to confirm or refute a suspected chromosomal, DNA, or gene product change. The identification of genetic disorders, and the potential for developing a therapy, is a powerful force in genetics and medicine.

Revisiting the role of computerized tomographic scan and cystoscopy for detecting bladder invasion in the revised FIGO staging system for carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Introduction: Recent revision of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for the cervix encourages use of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging and does not recommend cystoscopy as a mandatory investigation. But the revision has not defined which patients should undergo cystoscopy. Our study aims to revisit the role of CT scan and cystoscopy for detecting bladder invasion so that we can select patients for cystoscopy.

Rhabdoid variant of lung cancer: clinicopathological details of a case and a review of literature.

Primary rhabdoid tumor of lung is a rare histological and clinical entity. Lung tumors with rhabdoid features have been included as variants of large-cell carcinoma in the 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung tumors. A large-cell carcinoma with a rhabdoid phenotype (LCCRP) is unusual, with only 38 cases reported till date.