Dynamics of clinical and neurological changes in patients with acute ischemic stroke in an open clinical study.

Studies of treatment methods for patients with acute ischaemic stroke should include aetiological causes, concomitant pathology, and localisation of the lesion, and the extent of the lesion in the brain. The purpose of the study was to determine changes in clinical and neurological parameters in patients with ischaemic stroke in the acute period. This is an open clinical study for which 240 patients were selected with an acute condition after an ischaemic stroke.

A Note on the "One Case per Stagger Position" Character of Common Multiple-Baseline Intervention Designs.

Purpose: To overcome the constraint of common multiple-baseline designs that only one case per stagger position is permitted.

Methods: Three alternative strategies for assigning more than one case to each stagger position are examined.

Results: The three recommended strategies achieve the objective while maintaining the study's internal and statistical-conclusion validities.

Additional comparisons of randomization-test procedures for single-case multiple-baseline designs: Alternative effect types.

A number of randomization statistical procedures have been developed to analyze the results from single-case multiple-baseline intervention investigations. In a previous simulation study, comparisons of the various procedures revealed distinct differences among them in their ability to detect immediate abrupt intervention effects of moderate size, with some procedures (typically those with randomized intervention start points) exhibiting power that was both respectable and superior to other procedures (typically those with single fixed intervention start points). In Investigation 1 of the present follow-up simulation study, we found that when the same randomization-test procedures were applied to either delayed abrupt or immediate gradual intervention effects: (1) the powers of all of the procedures were severely diminished; and (2) in contrast to the previous study's results, the single fixed intervention start-point procedures generally outperformed those with randomized intervention start points.

Comparison of randomization-test procedures for single-case multiple-baseline designs.

In three simulation investigations, we examined the statistical properties of several different randomization-test procedures for analyzing the data from single-case multiple-baseline intervention studies. Two procedures (Wampold-Worsham and Revusky) are associated with single fixed intervention start points and three are associated with randomly determined intervention start points. Of the latter three, one (Koehler-Levin) is an existing procedure that has been previously examined and the other two (modified Revusky and restricted Marascuilo-Busk) are modifications and extensions of existing procedures.

[The results of the multicenter pharmaco-epidemiological observational project on the use of mydocalm in the treatment of pain syndromes with the muscle spasm].

The prospective multicenter open noncomparative pharmaco-epidemiological observational project on the use of mydocalm in real clinical practice has been completed in 2013. The project has been performed in 2090 clinical/rehabilitation settings in 284 cities of 13 countries using the results of 35,383 patients. The project aimed to assess the safety of treatment (percentage of patients with adverse-effects) and pain relieving efficacy as well as patient's satisfaction with the treatment.

[Epidemiology and climate and geographic risk factors of stroke in the South Kazakhstan region].

Stroke is a most frequent life threatening neurological disease and one of the most important causes of disability in Kazakhstan as well as in the whole world. Among CIS, the Kazakh Republic holds the second place after Moldova in mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Some researchers assume that official statistical data do not reflect completely the state of the problem in Kazakhstan due to the lack of representative population epidemiological studies.

GABAergic transmission facilitates ictogenesis and synchrony between CA3, hilus, and dentate gyrus in slices from epileptic rats.

The impact of regional hippocampal interactions and GABAergic transmission on ictogenesis remain unclear. Cortico-hippocampal slices from pilocarpine-treated epileptic rats were compared with controls to investigate associations between seizurelike events (SLE), GABAergic transmission, and neuronal synchrony within and between cortico-hippocampal regions. Multielectrode array recordings revealed more prevalent hippocampal SLE in epileptic tissue when excitatory transmission was enhanced and GABAergic transmission was intact [removal of Mg(2+) (0Mg)] than when GABAergic transmission was blocked [removal of Mg(2+) + bicuculline methiodide (0Mg+BMI)].

[Efficacy of the anti-edema drug L-lysine aescinat in stroke].

Forty-nine patients with ischemic hemispheric stroke admitted within 48 hours of stroke onset were studied. Twenty-nine patients (the main group) received L-lysine aescinat as an anti-edema drug. The efficacy was evaluated clinically and by EEG and autonomic testing.

[The preventive treatment of stroke in patients with discirculatory encephalopathy with a depressive syndrome].

We studied the clinical efficacy of cytoflavin in 30 patients (group 1) with I and II stages of discirculatory encephalopathy (DE) and a depressive syndrome associated with arterial hypertension. Cytoflavin was added to standard treatment intravenously in drops in dose 10 ml per 200 ml of 0,9% NaCl during 10 days and then in dose 2 tablets twice a day during 25 days. The control group (n=29 patients) received placebo.

[Comparative characteristics of clinical and pathogenetic features of first and recurrent cerebral stroke].

Based on the data of clinical and laboratory-instrumental study of 81 patients with recurrent stroke, including 63 cases after the first ischemic stroke and 18 cases after the first hemorrhagic stroke, we compared clinical-pathogenetic correlations between first and recurrent strokes. A trend towards the localization of a focus of secondary stroke in the same hemisphere in case of the similar to the first stroke clinical form and in the other hemisphere in case of changing the clinical form (ischemic to hemorrhagic and vice versa) was found. Among the pathogenetic types of ischemic stroke, lacunar and hemoreologic types were most stable in the secondary stroke compared to the first one.

[Cortexin in the complex treatment of post stroke epilepsy].

Forty-six patients with post stroke epilepsy were examined. The basic treatment included depakine-chrono in the mean dosage of 750 mg per day, along with vascular drugs, Cortexin was used as an add-on therapy in 29 patients intramuscular in the dosage of 10 mg during 15 days. Other 17 patients received only basic therapy.

Equilibrium distribution of skeletal actin-tropomyosin-troponin states, determined by pyrene-tropomyosin fluorescence.

Actin-tropomyosin-troponin has three structural states, but the functional properties of regulation can be explained with models having two functional states. As a step towards assigning functional properties to all the structural states, we examined fluorescent probes that monitor changes in troponin and tropomyosin. Tropomyosin labeled with pyrene-iodoacetamide is thought to reflect the transition to the most active state, whereas N-((2-iodoacetoxy)ethyl)-N-methyl)-amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-labeled troponin I is thought to monitor the transition to any state other than the inactive state.

[An experience of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy of ischemic stroke in Uzbek republic center of emergency care].

Acute period of stroke is a crucial stage of the disease. The differential therapy in the first 3-6 h from the onset of acute ischemic stroke, so-called "therapeutic window", is of special importance. Obviously, favorable clinical outcome in such patients is largely depends on the early recanalization during "therapeutic window".

The Delta 14 mutation of human cardiac troponin T enhances ATPase activity and alters the cooperative binding of S1-ADP to regulated actin.

The complex of tropomyosin and troponin binds to actin and inhibits activation of myosin ATPase activity and force production of striated muscles at low free Ca(2+) concentrations. Ca(2+) stimulates ATP activity, and at subsaturating actin concentrations, the binding of NEM-modified S1 to actin-tropomyosin-troponin increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis even further. We show here that the Delta14 mutation of troponin T, associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, results in an increase in ATPase rate like that seen with wild-type troponin in the presence of NEM-S1.

[Clinical and pathogenetical peculiarities and treatment policy in ischemic stroke of elderly and old age].

The data on randomized study of 2 groups of patients with ischemic brain hemisphere stroke of elderly and old (over 70 years) as well as middle (under 60 years) age are presented. In elderly and old age, stroke develops on the basis of common affection of major vessels, with a great role of the "steal syndrome" in its pathogenesis. In authors' opinion, in treatment of ischemic stroke of elderly and old age attention should be paid to metabolic therapy, in particular to using high dosages of Cerebrolysin.

Ca2+ and ionic strength dependencies of S1-ADP binding to actin-tropomyosin-troponin: regulatory implications.

Skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction are inhibited by the actin-associated complex of tropomyosin-troponin. Binding of Ca(2+) to troponin or binding of ATP-free myosin to actin reverses this inhibition. Ca(2+) and ATP-free myosin stabilize different tropomyosin-actin structural arrangements.

The diagnostic significance of electrophysiological analysis of an orientational reflex in hemispheric ischemic stroke.

This report presents data from studies of the diagnostic significance of an orientational reflex (OR) to indifferent sound stimuli in hemispheric ischemic stroke. The following electrophysiological measures of the orientational reflex were studied: the desynchronization reaction, the non-specific EEG vertex potential, and spontaneous electrodermographic activity (skin galvanic reactions, SGR) in response to presentation of repeated sudden indifferent sound stimuli. Studies were performed during the course of illness, starting with the acute period of stroke.

Influence of ionic strength, actin state, and caldesmon construct size on the number of actin monomers in a caldesmon binding site.

There is no consensus on the mechanism of inhibition of actin-myosin ATPase activity by caldesmon. Various models are based on different assumptions for the number of actin monomers that constitute a caldesmon binding site. Differences in binding behavior may be due to variations in the assay, the range of caldesmon concentrations, the type of caldesmon, and the method of data analysis used.

[The diagnostic significance of electrophysiological analysis of orientation reflex in hemispheric ischemic stroke].

Diagnostic significance of orientation reflex in response to neutral sound stimuli in hemispheric ischemic cerebral stroke is discussed. The following electrophysiological indices for orientation reflex were analysed: desynchronization reaction, non-specific vertex EEG potential and spontaneous electrodermographic activity--galvanic skin reflex to repeated sudden neutral audio stimuli were analysed. Beginning from the acute period of stroke, a follow-up study was carried out.

Involvement of K+ channels in adenosine A2A and A2B receptor-mediated hyperpolarization of porcine coronary artery endothelial cells.

This study investigated the effects of the following adenosine agonists: 5;-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), N6-cyclopentyadenosine (CPA) 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)]phenylamino-5;N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS-21680), and 2-chloroadenosine (CAD) and its antagonist, 4-(2-[7-amino-2-[2-furyl]]1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol (ZM-241385), a selective A2A adenosine receptor antagonist, and the involvement of the K+ATP and KCa channels on the resting membrane potential (RMP) of confluent monolayers of cultured porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAECs). Adenosine agonists and K+ATP channel openers (pinacidil, cromakalim) hyperpolarized cultured PCAECs. The average RMP was -32.

[Organizational and technological problems in the adherence to the patient's rights].

Presents one of the most pressing and least studied problems: patient's right protection in medicine and approaches to solution of this problem. Outlines the main approaches to improving the state of the problem and some organizational and technological aspects. The author emphasizes the need in development of universal standard documents at a federal level, which will help develop a universal strategy in development of the system of patient's right protection.

[Autonomic system disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis].

Using a set of techniques, segmentary and nonsegmentary autonomic nervous system compartments were studied at rest and under stress. Parasympathicotonia, on the background of general deficit of ascending nonspecific brain activity, was found to characterize myasthenia in general. A decrease of nonspecific brain activity level is combined with elevated anxiety.

Mechanism of NMDA receptor contribution to axon-to-glia signaling in the crayfish medial giant nerve fiber.

Electrical stimulation of crayfish giant axons at high frequency activates group II metabotropic and NMDA glutamate receptors on adjacent glial cells via release of N-acetylaspartylglutamate and glutamate formed upon its hydrolysis. This produces a transient depolarization followed by a prolonged hyperpolarization of glial cells that involves nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation. The hyperpolarization is nearly completely blocked by antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors but only slightly reduced by inhibition of NMDA receptors.