Older rural women's pre-visit planning and involvement in South Australian general practices: A candidacy theory perspective.

Objective: To explain older rural women's participation in clinical decision-making with GPs and explore factors associated with their pre-visit planning and involvement in treatment processes.

Methods: A sequential, theory-driven mixed-method study was conducted. Women aged 65 years or above who had visited a GP three months prior were recruited from five rural towns in South Australia through the local Rotary Club.

Virtual Healthcare for Older Adults With Preventable Chronic Conditions: A Meta-synthesis of Quality Aspects.

Our study employed a six-step meta-synthesis approach to understand quality aspects of virtual healthcare trajectories and identify effective strategies for older adults with preventable chronic conditions across the world. Review of twenty-one articles revealed four key themes: functionality of virtual healthcare, equity in service delivery, satisfaction with care, and cost-effectiveness. Despite the challenges posed by technological and clinical complexities, virtual healthcare initiatives have significantly improved accessibility and availability of health services, thereby reducing disparities.

Protocol: The effect of restorative justice interventions for young people on offending and reoffending: A systematic review.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The primary aim of this mixed methods review is to synthesise the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of restorative justice interventions (RJIs) for reducing offending and reoffending outcomes in children and young people.

PROTOCOL: School-based interventions for reducing disciplinary school exclusion: An updated systematic review.

The primary goal of the present mixed methods review is to systematically examine the available evidence for the effectiveness of different types of school-based interventions for reducing disciplinary school exclusion. Quantitative evidence will help to understand the overall size of the impact, as well as the factors that better explain it. Qualitative evidence will help to better understand how these programmes may work, and what factors aid or hinder implementation and success.

PROTOCOL: The effectiveness of wilderness therapy and adventure learning in reducing anti-social and offending behaviour in children and young people at risk of offending.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The review will address the following research questions: (1) What are the long- and short-term effects of wilderness therapy and adventure learning on anti-social behaviour and violent and other offending behaviour? What factors explain any heterogeneity (i.

Factors that influence older patients' participation in clinical communication within developed country hospitals and GP clinics: A systematic review of current literature.

Background: Engaging older adults in clinical communication is an essential aspect of high-quality elder care, patient safety and satisfaction in hospitals and GP clinics. However, the factors that influence older adults' participation during their appointments with health professionals from the older patient's perspective remain under-investigated.

Objectives: We aimed to fill this knowledge gap by reviewing research articles that have examined older patients' involvement in clinical communication.

Perceptions of Illness Severity, Treatment Goals, and Life Expectancy: The ePISTLE Study.

Introduction: A better understanding of factors influencing perceived life expectancy (PLE), interactions between patient prognostic beliefs, experiences of illness, and treatment behavior is urgently needed.

Methods: Case-notes at 3 hemodialysis units were screened: patients with ≥20% 1-year mortality risk were included. Patients and their health care professionals (HCPs) were invited to complete a structured interview or mixed-methods questionnaire.

Effectiveness of school-based programs to reduce bullying perpetration and victimization: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Bullying first emerged as an important topic of research in the 1980s in Norway (Olweus), and a recent meta-analysis shows that these forms of aggression remain prevalent among young people globally (Modecki et al.). Prominent researchers in the field have defined bullying as any aggressive behavior that incorporates three key elements, namely: (1) an intention to harm, (2) repetitive in nature, and (3) a clear power imbalance between perpetrator and victim (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Farrington).

What works in anti-bullying programs? Analysis of effective intervention components.

Previous research has shown that many school-based anti-bullying programs are effective. A prior meta-analysis (Gaffney, Ttofi, & Farrington, 2019) found that intervention programs are effective in reducing school-bullying perpetration by approximately 19-20% and school-bullying victimization by approximately 15-16%. Using data from this prior meta-analysis, the aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between effectiveness estimates and specific elements of anti-bullying programs.

Agents of change: Understanding the therapeutic processes associated with the helpfulness of therapy for mental health problems with relational agent MYLO.

Objective: To understand the therapeutic processes associated with the helpfulness of an online relational agent intervention, Manage Your Life Online (MYLO).

Methods: Fifteen participants experiencing a mental health related problem used Manage Your Life Online for 2 weeks. At follow-up, the participants each identified two helpful and two unhelpful questions posed by Manage Your Life Online within a single intervention session.

Conversational Agents in the Treatment of Mental Health Problems: Mixed-Method Systematic Review.

Background: The use of conversational agent interventions (including chatbots and robots) in mental health is growing at a fast pace. Recent existing reviews have focused exclusively on a subset of embodied conversational agent interventions despite other modalities aiming to achieve the common goal of improved mental health.

Objective: This study aimed to review the use of conversational agent interventions in the treatment of mental health problems.

Testing relationships between metacognitive beliefs, anxiety and depression in cardiac and cancer patients: Are they transdiagnostic?

Objective: Anxiety and depression symptoms are common in patients with physical health conditions. In the metacognitive model, beliefs about cognition (metacognitions) are a key factor in the development and maintenance of anxiety and depression. The current study evaluated if metacognitions predict anxiety and/or depression symptoms and if differential or common patterns of relationships exist across cardiac and cancer patients.

Metacognitive therapy home-based self-help for cardiac rehabilitation patients experiencing anxiety and depressive symptoms: study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial (PATHWAY Home-MCT).

Background: Anxiety and depression are common among patients attending cardiac rehabilitation services. Currently available pharmacological and psychological interventions have limited effectiveness in this population. There are presently no psychological interventions for anxiety and depression integrated into cardiac rehabilitation services despite emphasis in key UK National Health Service policy.

Improving the effectiveness of psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in the cardiac rehabilitation pathway using group-based metacognitive therapy (PATHWAY Group MCT): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Anxiety and depression are prevalent among cardiac rehabilitation patients but pharmacological and psychological treatments have limited effectiveness in this group. Furthermore, psychological interventions have not been systematically integrated into cardiac rehabilitation services despite being a strategic priority for the UK National Health Service. A promising new treatment, metacognitive therapy, may be well-suited to the needs of cardiac rehabilitation patients and has the potential to improve outcomes.

Manage Your Life Online: A Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Problem-Solving Intervention in a Student Sample.

Background: Evidence for the efficacy of computer-based psychological interventions is growing. A number of such interventions have been found to be effective, especially for mild to moderate cases. They largely rely on psychoeducation and 'homework tasks', and are specific to certain diagnoses (e.

Predictors of patient self-report of chronic kidney disease: baseline analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Improving the quality of care for patients with vascular disease is a priority. Clinical guidance has emphasised the importance of early identification and active management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in primary care in order to maintain vascular health. However, awareness of stage 3 CKD amongst patients remains limited.

Effect of information and telephone-guided access to community support for people with chronic kidney disease: randomised controlled trial.

Background: Implementation of self-management support in traditional primary care settings has proved difficult, encouraging the development of alternative models which actively link to community resources. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition usually diagnosed in the presence of other co-morbidities. This trial aimed to determine the effectiveness of an intervention to provide information and telephone-guided access to community support versus usual care for patients with stage 3 CKD.

Manage Your Life Online (MYLO): a pilot trial of a conversational computer-based intervention for problem solving in a student sample.

Background: Computerized self-help that has an interactive, conversational format holds several advantages, such as flexibility across presenting problems and ease of use. We designed a new program called MYLO that utilizes the principles of METHOD of Levels (MOL) therapy--based upon Perceptual Control Theory (PCT).

Aims: We tested the efficacy of MYLO, tested whether the psychological change mechanisms described by PCT mediated its efficacy, and evaluated effects of client expectancy.

Implementation of self management support for long term conditions in routine primary care settings: cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of an intervention to enhance self management support for patients with chronic conditions in UK primary care.

Design: Pragmatic, two arm, cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting: General practices, serving a population in northwest England with high levels of deprivation.

The clinical and cost-effectiveness of the BRinging Information and Guided Help Together (BRIGHT) intervention for the self-management support of people with stage 3 chronic kidney disease in primary care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Improving the quality of care for people with vascular disease is a key priority. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has recently been included as a target condition for general practices to add to registers of chronic conditions as part of the Quality and Outcome Framework. This paper outlines the implementation and evaluation of a self-management intervention involving an information guidebook, tailored access to local resources and telephone support for people with stage 3 chronic kidney disease.

A low-dose ipsilateral lung restriction improves 3-d conformal planning for partial breast radiation therapy.

In trials of 3D conformal external beam partial breast radiotherapy (PBRT), the dosimetrist must balance the priorities of achieving high conformity to the target versus minimizing low-dose exposure to the normal structures. This study highlights the caveat that in the absence of a low-dose lung restriction, the use of relatively en-face fields may meet trial-defined requirements but expose the ipsilateral lung to unnecessary low-dose radiation. Adding a low-dose restriction that ≤ 20% of the ipsilateral lung should receive 10% of the prescribed dose resulted in successful plans in 88% of cases.

Does a three-field electron/minitangent photon technique offer dosimetric advantages to a multifield, photon-only technique for accelerated partial breast irradiation?

Purpose: To determine whether 3-field electron/minitangent photons (mixed-modality) technique improved dosimetry compared with a multifield, photon-only technique for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI).

Materials And Methods: Subjects were 20 breast cancer patients previously treated with photon-only APBI as part of a clinical trial to a dose of 38.5Gy/10 fractions in 5 days.

The further preparation of inorganic cationic yeasts and some of their chief properties.

1. A method is described for replacing the intracellular K(+) of the yeast cell by Rb(+), Cs(+), Li(+) or Ca(2+) ions. In the formation of a calcium yeast it is necessary to proceed first through a sodium yeast (Conway & Moore, 1954) as in the formation of a magnesium yeast (Conway & Beary, 1962).