Open and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children: A regional experience.

Purpose: The optimal approach for pediatric inguinal hernia repair continues to be debated. We conducted a regional retrospective study to assess rates of recurrence and metachronous hernias after open repair (OPEN) and laparoscopic repair (LAP) METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at two children's hospitals that serve a region of approximately 4 million people. All patients < 14 years old undergoing OPEN or LAP by pediatric surgeons during a 5-year period (2011 - 2015) were analyzed after a minimum follow up of 4 years.

Patient-reported outcome measures in pediatric surgery - A systematic review.

Purpose: With improved long-term survival rates, measuring the quality of surgical care has gradually shifted from clinical morbidity and mortality to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Since the use of PROMs in pediatric surgery is still limited, we undertook a study to identify current PROMs, assess their characteristics, and identify gaps and areas for improvement.

Methods: A search was conducted in eight databases from their inception until May 2021 to identify PROMs that have been used in pediatric surgical patients.

Barriers in Access to Care for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer in Resource-Limited Settings: A Systematic Review.

Importance: The identification of the barriers to care for patients with head and neck cancer in low-income and lower-middle-income countries is a crucial first step toward the identification of targets for developing and implementing cost-effective programs to increase awareness, prevention, and treatment of head and neck cancer in this setting.

Objective: To identify the barriers to care for patients presenting with head and neck cancer in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.

Evidence Review: Nine databases were searched from their inception to December 21, 2017: Africa-Wide Information, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Global Health, LILACS, MEDLINE, BIOSIS Previews, and Web of Science.

Risk of Ocular Anomalies in Children Exposed In Utero to Antimalarials: A Systematic Literature Review.

Objective: To determine whether offspring from mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), exposed in utero to antimalarials, have an increased risk of ocular anomalies during childhood versus unexposed SLE offspring.

Methods: We systematically performed searches of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for original human data on fetal and/or child ocular outcomes following exposure to antimalarials during pregnancy and/or lactation, from their inception until March 2017.

Results: A total of 10 cohort studies and 2 randomized controlled trials, ranging in size from 6 to 444 exposed infants studied, and 3 case reports met the inclusion criteria for our systematic review.

Optimal Timing of Complete Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Studies have suggested that complete revascularization is superior to culprit-only revascularization for the treatment of enzyme-positive acute coronary syndrome. However, the optimal timing of complete revascularization remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing single-stage complete revascularization with multistage percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with multivessel disease.

In vivo antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activity of extracts of Heliotropium strigosum.

Natural healing agents are primarily focused to overcome unwanted side effects with synthetic drugs worldwide. In the proposed study, crude extracts and subsequent solvent fractions of Heliotropium strigosum were evaluated for antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activity in animal paradigms. In post acetic acid-induced writhing test, crude extract and fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) demonstrated marked attenuation of nociception at test doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg i.

Lipoxygenase and urease inhibition of the aerial parts of the Polygonatum verticillatum.

Over expression of lipoxygenase (LOX) and urease has already contributed to the pathology of different human disease. Targeting the inhibition of these enzymes has proved great clinical utility. The aim of the present study was to scrutinised the inhibitory profile of the aerial parts of the Polygonatum verticillatum enzyme against LOX, urease, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using standard experimental protocols.

Tyrisonase inhibition and melanin reduction of human melanocytes (HEMn-MP) using Anacardium occidentale L extract.

Cashew (Anacardium occindentale L) leaves extract (CLE) has potential as tyrosinase inhibitor that can be used for therapeutic in pigmentation problem. This study investigates the real potential of CLE to inhibit tyrosinase and melanin reduction using human epidermal melanocytes. The extracts were exposed to the human melanocytes for more than 24 hours.

Biocatalysis of immobilized chlorophyllase in a ternary micellar system.

The immobilization of chlorophyllase was optimized by physical adsorption on various inorganic supports, including alumina, celite, Dowex-1-chloride, glass beads and silica gel. The enzyme was also immobilized in different media, including water, Tris-HCl buffer solution and a ternary micellar system containing Tris-HCl buffer solution, hexane and surfactant. The highest immobilization efficiency (84.

Activation of monocytic cells by monoclonal antibodies to the CD11a/18 (LFA-1) complex: mediation by Fc receptor.

IgG1 antibodies reacting with several monocytic antigens form a bridge between the specific antigen and the Fc receptors also expressed on these cells. This results in calcium mobilization and generation of superoxide. Single IgG1 antibodies reacting with the CD11a/CD18 cellular adhesion molecular complex do not, however, induce monocytic activation.

Binding of monoclonal antibody to CD16 causes calcium mobilization in large granular lymphocytes but inhibits NK killing.

A monoclonal antibody (mAb), CLB/FcR gran I, reactive with the CD16 Fc receptor (FcRlo/FcRIII) of human cells, leads to calcium mobilization in large granular lymphocytes (LGL) but not in granulocytes. Identical responses are obtained with F(ab')2 fragments of this antibody, indicating that the response is independent of Fc-FcR binding, and that bivalent cross-linking of this receptor is adequate for optimal calcium mobilization. The calcium response was greater in CD3- LGL compared to CD3+ LGL, although the response was augmented in the latter cells by prior rosetting with sheep red blood cells (SRBC).

Mechanism of human monocyte activation via the 40-kDa Fc receptor for IgG.

It is shown that a mAb specific for the human 40-kDa FcR (FcRII) leads to activation of human monocytic cells but that extensive cross-linking of the receptor is required. Calcium mobilization can be induced in immature monocytic cells (undifferentiated U937 cells) and peripheral blood monocytes with an intact IgG1 anti-FcRII antibody (CIKM5) but not by F(ab')2 fragments of this antibody. The intact antibody can bind in a tripartite manner by its two F(ab') sites and its Fc-binding site whereas the F(ab')2 fragments of this antibody can only bind in a divalent fashion.

The effects of pertussis toxin on human T lymphocytes.

Purified pertussis toxin (PPT) is a potent mitogen for human T lymphocytes and is shown to cause rapid calcium mobilization in resting T cells, a T-cell line and CD3- lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) activity. In resting T cells the PPT activation is associated with cytoplasmic alkalinization. A similar rise in intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and cytoplasmic alkalinization is observed with activation through the antigen receptor complex.

CD2 and CD3 antigens mobilize Ca2+ independently.

Antigen-induced stimulation of T cells is mediated via the CD3 antigen receptor (Ti) complex and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reacting with CD3 and Ti result in rapid intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, followed by monocyte-dependent proliferation. Combinations of mAb to CD2, the sheep red blood cell receptor, also mobilize calcium and induce mitogenesis and purified phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulates T cells predominantly by interaction with this molecule. It has been suggested that activation via CD2 requires the presence of CD3 and that the hydrophobic epsilon chain of CD3 is the T cell calcium channel.