Harzianic Acid Activity against and Its Role in Calcium Regulation.

is a Gram-positive bacterium, which can be found, as a commensal microorganism, on the skin surface or in the nasal mucosa of the human population. However, may become pathogenic and cause severe infections, especially in hospitalized patients. As an opportunistic pathogen, in fact, interferes with the host Ca signaling, favoring the spread of the infection and tissue destruction.

Biomonitoring of Airborne Microplastic Deposition in Semi-Natural and Rural Sites Using the Moss .

We show that the native moss can be used as a biomonitor of atmospheric microplastics (MPs). The moss was collected in seven semi-natural and rural sites in Campania (southern Italy) and was analyzed for the presence of MPs, according to standard protocols. Moss samples from all sites accumulated MPs, with fibers representing the largest fraction of plastic debris.

Interaction of the Fungal Metabolite Harzianic Acid with Rare-Earth Cations (Pr, Eu, Ho, Tm).

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are in all respect a class of new contaminants that may have toxic effects on organisms and microorganisms and information on their interactions with natural ligands should be of value to predict and control their diffusion in natural environments. In the current study, we investigate interactions of tripositive cations of praseodymium, europium, holmium, and thulium with harzianic acid (HL), a secondary metabolite produced by selected strains of fungi belonging to the genus. We applied the same techniques and workflow previously employed in an analogous study concerning lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, and gadolinium tripositive cations.

Interaction of the Fungal Metabolite Harzianic Acid with Rare-Earth Cations (La, Nd, Sm, Gd).

Rare-earth elements are emerging contaminants of soil and water bodies which destiny in the environment and effects on organisms is modulated by their interactions with natural ligands produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. Within this framework, coordination by harzianic acid (HL), a secondary metabolite, of a selection of tripositive rare-earth cations Ln (Ln = La, Nd, Sm and Gd) was investigated at 25 °C, and in a CHOH/0.1 M NaClO (50/50 ) solvent, using mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and pH measurements.

Comparative Toxicological Evaluation of Tattoo Inks on Two Model Organisms.

Tattooing is a technique that introduces colored substances under the skin in order to color it permanently. Decomposition products of tattoo pigments produce numerous damages for the skin and other organs. We studied the effects of a commercial red ink tattoo, PR170, on embryos and nauplii using concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 mg/L.

Mitidjospirone, a new spirodioxynaphthalene and GC-MS screening of secondary metabolites produced by strains of associated to dieback.

Mitidjospirone, a new spiridioxynaphthalene, was isolated from the mycelial extract of a strain of , a recently described species belonging to the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Its structure was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and the absolute configuration was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiment. Furthermore, several known compounds were identified during the screening of secondary metabolites produced by four strains of .

Facing metal stress by multiple strategies: morphophysiological responses of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) grown in hydroponics.

The contamination of environments by heavy metals has become an urgent issue causing undesirable accumulations and severe damages to agricultural crops, especially cadmium and lead which are among the most widespread and dangerous metal pollutants worldwide. The selection of proper species is a crucial step in many plant-based restoration approaches; therefore, the aim of the present work was to check for early morphophysiological responsive traits in three cultivars of Cynara cardunculus (Sardo, Siciliano, and Spagnolo), helping to select the best performing cultivar for phytoremediation. For all three tested cultivars, our results indicate that cardoon displays some morphophysiological traits to face Cd and Pb pollution, particularly at the root morphology level, element uptake ability, and photosynthetic pigment content.

Solubility of folic acid and protonation of folate in NaCl at different concentrations, even in physiological solution.

The solubility of folic acid was determined at 25 °C in 1.00 mol dm and in 0.15 mol dm NaCl (physiological solution) spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of saturated solution at different hydrogen ion concentrations.

Coordination Properties of the Fungal Metabolite Harzianic Acid toward Toxic Heavy Metals.

Some Trichoderma strains are known for their capacity to produce harzianic acid, a metabolite belonging to the tetramic acid derivatives. Harzianic acid has interesting biological properties, such as antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic fungi and promotion of plant growth. It also possesses remarkable chemical properties, including the chelating properties toward essential transition metals, which might be related to the biological activities.

Synthesis of New Tyrosol-Based Phosphodiester Derivatives: Effect on Amyloid β Aggregation and Metal Chelation Ability.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial pathology that requires multifaceted agents able to address its peculiar nature. Increasing evidence has shown that aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) and oxidative stress are strictly interconnected, and their modulation might have a positive and synergic effect in contrasting AD-related impairments. Herein, a new and efficient fragment-based approach towards tyrosol phosphodiester derivatives (TPDs) has been developed starting from suitable tyrosol building blocks and exploiting the well-established phosphoramidite chemistry.

Bivalent Metal-Chelating Properties of Harzianic Acid Produced by Associated to the Gastropod .

Harzianic acid is a secondary metabolite of , structurally belonging to the dienyltetramic acid subgroup of the tetramic acids. Biological activities of harzianic acid are of great interest for its antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting activities, which might be related to its chelating properties. In the present work harzianic acid, isolated from cultures of a strain of associated to the gastropod , was studied as a complexant agent of a number of biologically relevant transition metals (i.

Behavior of glutathione as ligand of lead (II).

The presence and mobilization of toxic metal cations represents under many aspects a current and important problem in the environmental field. In this research, as cation lead (II) ion was studied. The formation of complexes between glutathione and lead (II) was studied at 25 °C and in 1.

Silymarin from by Naviglio's extractor: a new and very efficient approach.

The aim of this work is to compare new and traditional extraction methods to obtain silymarin from , a biennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, present throughout the Mediterranean basin and used to treat several diseases. Silymarin primarily contains flavonolignans and flavonoids and is used in some pharmaceutical preparations to improve of liver function and as a protective against some hepatotoxins. In six extracts obtained by new and traditional extraction methods, the total contents of silymarin and its main flavonolignans, total phenols and condensed tannins were evaluated in addition to their respective antioxidant capacities.

Coordination of a bis-histidine-oligopeptide to Re(i) and Ga(iii) in aqueous solution.

The utilization of isotopes of transition metals for the development of novel therapeutic or diagnostic compounds is limited by the fact that they must be stabilized by chelating systems in coordination complexes. Important roles in the targeting approach are played by the tricarbonyl complexes of Technetium(i) and Rhenium(i) because they can be readily conjugated to biomolecules to form stable probes. Additionally, 67Ga and 68Ga isotopes of gallium are considered an obvious alternative to 99mTc (M.

The Issue of Misidentification of Kojic Acid with Flufuran in .

In the course of investigations on the complex phenomenon of bee decline, was isolated from the haemocoel of worker bees. Observations on the metabolomic profile of this strain showed kojic acid to be the dominant product in cultures on Czapek-Dox broth. However, an accurate review of papers documenting secondary metabolite production in also showed that an isomer of kojic acid, identified as 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furan-3-carboxylic acid and named flufuran is reported from this species.

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) for the study of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) on the isolated frog skin (Pelophylax bergeri): A non-invasive method for environmental monitoring.

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological tissues of elected biosentinels represent an optimal biomarker for eco-monitoring of polluted areas. Electron spin resonance (ESR) is the most definitive method for detecting, quantifying and possibly identifying radicals in complex systems.

Objective: A non-invasive method for monitoring polluted areas by the quantitative determination of ROS in frog skin biopsy is presented.

Silibinin phosphodiester glyco-conjugates: Synthesis, redox behaviour and biological investigations.

New silibinin phosphodiester glyco-conjugates were synthesized by efficient phosphoramidite chemistry and were fully characterized by 2D-NMR. A wide-ranging study focused on the determination of their pKa and E° values as well as on their radical scavenging activities by different assays (DPPH, ABTS and HRSA) was conducted. The new glyco-conjugates are more water-soluble than silibinin, and their radical scavenging activities are higher than those of silibinin.

Homocysteine disulphides and vascular disease.

The total plasma concentration of homocysteine is a marker of this amino acid's atherogenic potential. However, the homocysteine pool exists almost entirely as oxidized homocysteine equivalents (OHcyE), composed of homocystine and cysteine-homocysteine disulphides (20-30%), and protein-bound disulphide (70-80%). We have noticed that the total concentration of OHcyE in injured coronary artery tissue is higher than the aqueous solubility of homocystine (approximately 1.

An organouranium coordination polymer containing infinite metal oxide chains.

The title compound, catena-poly[[[dioxouranium(VI)]-bis(micro-2-hydroxybenzohydroxamato)] dihydrate], [[U(C(7)H(6)NO(3))(2)O(2)].2H(2)O](n), is a uranyl coordination polymer based on the salicylhydroxamate ligand. The ligand acts both as a chelate, forming five-membered rings, and as a bridge between two U atoms.

Protolytic behavior of hydroxylated Pyrex glass surfaces in NaCl media.

Adsorption of hydrogen ions from aqueous NaCl solutions at the Pyrex glass-water interface was investigated by acid-base titration (glass electrode) at 25 degrees C and at the ionic strengths 0.010, 0.030, 0.

The second acidic constant of salicylic acid.

The second dissociation constant of salicylic acid (H2L) has been determined, at 25 degrees C, in NaCl ionic media by UV spectrophotometric measurements. The investigated ionic strength values were 0.16, 0.

The acidic constants of 2-hydroxybenzohydroxamic acid in NaClO4 solutions at 25 degrees C.

The protolysis equilibria of 2-hydroxybenzohydroxamic acid, H2SAX, have been studied at 25 degrees C in different ionic media by potentiometric titration with a glass electrode. The media were 0.513, 1.

On the hydrolysis of the dioxouranium(VI) ion in sulfate solutions.

The formation of ternary UO2(2+)-(OH-)-SO4(2-) complexes has been studied at 25 degrees C in 3 M NaClO4 ionic medium by measurements with a glass electrode. The solutions had uranium concentrations between 0.3 and 30 mM, sulfate between 20 and 200 mM, and 1.

On the complex formation equilibria between dioxouranium(VI) and sulfate ions.

The complexation equilibria between UO2(2+) and SO4(2-) ions have been studied at 25 degrees C in the ionic medium 3 M NaClO4 by potentiometry, by spectrophotometry and by solubility measurements of UO2(IO3)2. The potentiometric investigation was carried out with the Hg-Hg2SO4(s)-SO4(2-) half-cell and glass electrode in the sulfate concentration range 0.005 to 0.

Hydroxo sulfate complexes of iron (III) in solution.

The ternary Fe (III)-OH(-)-SO4(2-) complexes have been investigated at 25 degrees C in 3 M NaClO4 by potentiometric titration with glass electrode. The metal and sulfate concentrations ranged from 2.5 x 10(-3) to 0.