Unravelling the Influence of Composition and Heat Treatment on Key Characteristics of Dairy Protein Powders Using a Multifactorial Approach.

The purpose of this study was to improve understanding of the structural and functional property changes that milk-protein concentrates undergo during production, particularly how the manufacturing route (heat treatment position and intensity), standardization (in osmosed water or ultrafiltrate permeate) and formulation (casein:whey protein (Cas:WP) ratio) influence the physico-chemical characteristics-hygroscopicity, particle size, sphericity, density and evolution of browning during storage. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the parameters responsible for the distinctive characteristics of different powders, a multifactorial approach was adopted. Hygroscopicity depended mainly on the standardizing solution and to a lesser extent the Cas:WP ratio.

Heat treatment of milk protein concentrates affects enzymatic coagulation properties.

Dairy ingredients with highly concentrated protein contents are high added value products with expanding market. The manufacture of such ingredients includes a succession of unit operations of which heat treatment is a key step to guarantee the microbial safety, that induces major changes in protein structures and thus ingredients functionalities. However, due to an incomplete understanding of phenomena taking place at high protein concentrations, shedding light on their mechanisms is a scientific challenge as well as an industrial need.

The adhesion of homogenized fat globules to proteins is increased by milk heat treatment and acidic pH: Quantitative insights provided by AFM force spectroscopy.

The rheological properties and microstructure of dairy gels involve the connectivity between milk fat globules (MFG) and casein micelles that is affected by technological processes such as milk homogenization and heat treatment. The underlying mechanisms require further quantification of the interactions at the nanoscale level to be fully understood and controlled. In this study, we examined the adhesion of homogenized MFG to milk proteins and evaluated the role of ultra-high temperature (UHT) heat treatment and pH.

Anxiety and Psycho-Physiological Stress Response to Competitive Sport Exercise.

Sport is recognized as beneficial for health. In certain situation of practice, it nevertheless appears likely to induce a stress response. Anxiety is a stress response-modulating factor.

Ser2 from Serratia liquefaciens L53: A new heat stable protease able to destabilize UHT milk during its storage.

The heat-stable protease Ser2 is secreted by the species Serratia liquefaciens, a psychrotrophic bacteria frequently found in raw milk. To understand the physicochemical modifications of casein micelles induced by Ser2 and to confirm its implication in UHT milk destabilization, the enzyme was purified and added to microfiltered raw milk before UHT treatment. UHT milk destabilization was investigated during 90days of storage.

Quantitative and qualitative variability of the caseinolytic potential of different strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens: implications for the stability of casein micelles of UHT milks during their storage.

Pseudomonas fluorescens grows at low temperature and produces thermo-resistant protease(s) that can destabilize UHT (Ultra High Temperature) milk during its storage. The consequences of contamination of microfiltered milk with 9 strains of P. fluorescens on the stability of the corresponding UHT milk during storage had been investigated in this study.

COMMD1-mediated ubiquitination regulates CFTR trafficking.

The CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein is a large polytopic protein whose biogenesis is inefficient. To better understand the regulation of CFTR processing and trafficking, we conducted a genetic screen that identified COMMD1 as a new CFTR partner. COMMD1 is a protein associated with multiple cellular pathways, including the regulation of hepatic copper excretion, sodium uptake through interaction with ENaC (epithelial sodium channel) and NF-kappaB signaling.

Tina wooden vat biofilm: a safe and highly efficient lactic acid bacteria delivering system in PDO Ragusano cheese making.

In the Sicilian PDO Ragusano cheese making, raw milk is placed in a wooden vat called a Tina. As no starter is added, lactic acid is produced by milk flora and flora released from the Tina biofilm. The aim of this work was to assess the safety and efficiency of this natural inoculation system.

CSN5 binds to misfolded CFTR and promotes its degradation.

Cystic fibrosis is mainly caused by mutations that interfere with the biosynthetic folding of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The aim of this study was to find cellular proteins interacting with CFTR and regulating its processing. We have used a genetic screen in yeast to identify such proteins and identified CSN5 that interacted with the third cytoplasmic loop of CFTR.

pEg6, a spire family member, is a maternal gene encoding a vegetally localized mRNA in Xenopus embryos.

Background Information: In Xenopus, during oocyte maturation and the segmentation period, cell cycle progression is independent of new transcription, but requires de novo translation. This suggests that the completion of oocyte maturation and then the rapid cell division period is controlled exclusively at a post-transcriptional level by specific gene products. To isolate these maternal genes, a differential screening of a Xenopus egg cDNA library was performed.

Leber congenital amaurosis: comprehensive survey of the genetic heterogeneity, refinement of the clinical definition, and genotype-phenotype correlations as a strategy for molecular diagnosis.

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the earliest and most severe form of all inherited retinal dystrophies, responsible for congenital blindness. Disease-associated mutations have been hitherto reported in seven genes. These genes are all expressed preferentially in the photoreceptor cells or the retinal pigment epithelium but they are involved in strikingly different physiologic pathways resulting in an unforeseeable physiopathologic variety.

A first locus for isolated autosomal recessive optic atrophy (ROA1) maps to chromosome 8q.

In contrast to the frequent dominant optic atrophies (DOAs) in which the neuropathy is usually an isolated event, isolated recessive optic atrophies (ROAs) are very uncommon and have been described as severe congenital or early infantile conditions. To date, two loci for isolated DOA have been mapped, of which one was ascribed to mutations in the OPA1 gene. Conversely, no isolated autosomal ROA locus had previously been localised.