[Reflections on some issues of the combined pathology of the upper and lower respiratory tract].

The purpose of this work is to generalize and critically evaluate current literature data on the state of problem of the relationship between acute and chronic diseases of upper and lower respiratory tract. Modern ideas about the mechanisms of relationship of pathological processes of ENT organs with bronchopulmonary pathology are considered. A number of organizational issues are discussed in order to optimize the medical diagnostic process in the pathology of respiratory system.

[About the unresolved problems of terminology and classification of allergic rhinitis and the desirability of distinguishing the mixed form of the disease].

This article deals with the history of the development of terminology and classification of allergic (vasomotor) rhinitis during the last 50 years.

[A rare observation of intralaryngeal aberrant goiter].

This paper was designed to report a rare observation of intralaryngeal aberrant goiter associated with goiter of the main thyroid tissue and chronic suppurative otitis media complicated by the polyp that causes occlusion of the auditory passage. The histomorphological investigation of the material harvested intraoperatively following rehabilitation of the purulent focus in the middle ear and the removal of the tumour from the inside of the right vestibular fold confirmed the diagnosis of colloid goiter.

[The use of propolis-based therapy in otorhionolaryngology].

The authors analyze the literature publications and the results of their original investigations concerning the application of the propolis-based pharmacological products for the treatment of acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ears. The desirability of the more extensive application of the propolis-containing medicines in the routine otorhinolaryngological practice is emphasized bearing in mind their numerous biological effects including antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, anti-oxidative, anesthetic, and cytostatic actions.

[Congenital cysts and fistulas on the neck].

This paper presents the currently available data on congenital lateral cysts and fistulas of the neck based on the authors' original experience and the review of the relevant literature. The modern methods for diagnostics and the surgical treatment of these conditions are described and the causes underling the development of their relapses are analyzed. Recommendations for the prevention of congenital cysts and fistulas on the neck are proposed.

[Zivert-Kartagener's syndrome encountered in the practical work of an otorhionolaryngologist, pulmonologist, obstetrician, and gynecologist].

The objective of the present work was to analyze the current concept of the genetically predetermined condition Zivert-Kartagener's syndrome with special reference to the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of this condition, its clinical picture and methods of treatment. The authors' original observations of the patients presenting with Zivert-Kartagener's syndrome are reported.

[Mucoviscidosis, a challenging medical problem].

The authors present the currently available data on mucoviscidosis (cystic fibrosis) based on their original experience and the review of the relevant literature. Special attention is given to the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of this condition, its diagnostics, and methods of treatment as exemplified by the clinical case of cystic fibrosis in an adult patient.

[Specific immunotherapy applied in the otorhionolaryngological practice].

The objective of the present study was to formulate the indications for the specific immunotherapy (SIT) of ENT diseases based on the results of the examination and treatment of 1058 patients presenting with allergic rhinitis with special reference to the advantages of this approach over pharmacotherapy. Much attention is given to the adverse reactions associated with the application of immunotherapy and the methods for their correction. Personal opinions of the authors with regard to selected aspects of the use of specific immunotherapy in the otorhionolaryngological practice are presented.

[The diagnostics and treatment of otogenic intracranial complications].

We have undertaken the analysis of medical records of the patients presenting with major otogenic intracranial complications (OICC) including purulent meningitis, brain or cerebellum abscess, and thrombosis of sigmoid sinus. The presence of isolated and combined variants of otogenic intracranial complications was documented in 112 (43%) and 148 (56.9%) patients, respectively.

[The role of disturbances of lipid metabolism in pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis].

Physiological normal levels of total cholesterol, total lipids, total protein, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonic dialdehyde, and total antioxidant activity were determined for the first time in nasal secretion of volunteer donors (n = 24). Excessive lipid peroxidation and suppression of antioxidant protection system were documented in 70 patients with round-the-year allergic rhinitis of whom 26 and 44 presented with the mild and moderately forms of the disease, respectively. The clinical efficiency of polyoxidonium (Russia) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis has been demonstrated.

[On certain aspects of the problem of chronic tonsillitis].

Based on the current literature data and the results of original studies on the role of non-infectious (atopic) allergy in pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis (CT), the author considers it unjustified under the current state of the art to characterize CT as an infectious allergic disease. He maintains that the classification of chronic tonsillitis proposed by Preobrazhensky and Pal'chun remains the most acceptable one for the practical purposes.

[Treatment of allergic rhinitis associated with hypothyroidism].

Fifty five patients with allergic rhinitis and moderate hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis have undergone clinical, functional, hormonal, immunological and allergological examinations. Of them, 45 patients received a course of treatment with thyroid hormones and antiallergic drugs while 10 patients received replacement hormonal therapy only. The results of the study demonstrate that treatment of allergic rhinitis associated with hypothyroidism is more effective if antiallergic drugs are added to replacement hormonal therapy.

[Treatment of otogenic intracranial complications. Therapeutic and diagnostic difficulties].

The article presents the results of clinical, laboratory, CT and MRT examination and treatment of patients with otogenic intracranial complications (OIC) hospitalized to ENT clinics for the last 10 years. The statistics show that the number of OIC patients tends to decrease for the last 40 years. This may be explained by perfection of specialized ENT service in backcountry rural districts.

[Modern characteristics of clinical course and treatment of otogenic purulent meningitis].

A total of 170 patients aged 2.5 to 60 years have received treatment for otogenic meningitis caused by acute (n=37, 21.2%) or chronic otitis media (n=137, 78.

[Drainage of cerebral and cerebellar abscesses with "cigar"-shape draining tampon].

The treatment was given to 95 patients aged 5 to 63 years with temporal (n = 86) and cerebellar abscesses (n = 9). Most of the patients were hospitalized after home treatment with antibiotics which complicated the diagnosis because of atypical course of the disease induced by them. The "cigar" tampon was used for draining brain abscess.

[Treatment policy in thrombophlebitis lesions of the sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein during intensive use of antibiotics].

152 patients were admitted to the ENT hospital with the diagnosis thrombophlebitis of the sygmoid sinus (62.1% of the total number of the admitted patients with otogenic intracranial complications). The surgery was made early upon the admission.

[Clinical and therapeutic aspects of otogenic sepsis in the antibiotic era].

152 cases of otogenic thrombophlebitis of the sigmoid sinus (TSS) are analysed. 128 (84.2%) patients had thrombophlebitis and sepsis, 24 (15.

[Otogenic intracranial complications: current assessment of some aspects of the problem].

Clinical cases and 245 case reports have been analyzed in terms of otogenic intracranial complications. Of late, there is a trend to lowering occurrence of otogenic complications and lethal outcomes compared to 1950-60. More favourable outcomes are attributed to introduction of new antibiotics and higher quality of ENT service.