Reactive and proactive aggression in clinical adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The moderating role of gender and comorbidities.

Aggression is well-known problem in adolescent with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but the precise relation of reactive and proactive aggression by gender and comorbidities has not been characterized in this population. The aim of this study was to assess the level of reactive and proactive aggression in adolescents with ADHD and in matched non-ADHD clinical controls. The level of aggression was assessed by the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire in 391 adolescents with ADHD and in 391 matched non-ADHD clinical controls.

[Clinical characteristics of children with Tourette's Syndrome].

Introduction: Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting with motor and vocal tics. Although TS influences the everyday life of children, we only have fragmented knowledge on the topic of the developmental and comorbidity profile, symptom severity and genetical/environmental background. The aim of this article is to present the demographical characteristics, comorbidity profile and the tic symptom types and severity of patients from the Tourette Syndrome Outpatient Clinic of Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Hospital, Budapest.

Direct Self-Injurious Behavior (D-SIB) and Life Events among Vocational School and High School Students.

Although several studies have recently assessed direct self-injurious behavior (D-SIB) among adolescents, it is still understudied in adolescents attending vocational schools: an educational setting generally associated with lower socioeconomic status. After extending the "Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe" (SEYLE) project to a vocational school population, we examined their D-SIB and life event characteristics compared to the high school population. SEYLE's Hungarian randomly selected high school sample ( = 995) was completed with a randomly selected vocational school sample ( = 140) in Budapest, Hungary.

Dyskinesia in Treatment-Naive and Stimulant-Treated Children With ADHD.

Stimulants are safe and effective medications for the treatment of ADHD. There are a number of case studies that report stimulant-induced dyskinesia. The aim of this study was to compare dyskinesia in a treated and a treatment-naive group of children with ADHD, and a healthy control group.

[Quality of life of newly diagnosed, treatment naive children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder].

Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood psychiatric disorder, it affects around 3-12% of the children. ADHD is associated with numerous social and emotional impairments. Quality of life (QoL) studies of children with ADHD established low QoL in the most cases.

[Conduct symptoms and emotional decision making in non-clinical adolescents].

Background: In adults with antisocial personality disorder, literature data indicate alterations in emotional decision making and in the working of the prefrontal cortex. Similar alterations were described in adolescents with psychopathic traits, however, a dimensional link was not established between behavioral variables and variables associated with decision making. The aim of the present study was to describe the relationship between externalizing symptoms and emotional decision making in non-clinical adolescents.

Why are children and adolescents referred for psychiatric assessment without fulfiling diagnostic criteria for any psychiatric disorder?

Background: Clinicians often experience that children are referred for psychiatric evaluation without fulfiling the diagnostic criteria of any psychiatric disorders. This study investigates factors that might lead children to psychiatric referral without any psychiatric disorder.

Method: Children/adolescents who were referred for psychiatric assessment (referred group) (n = 418, mean age = 10.

Emotion recognition pattern in adolescent boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Social and emotional deficits were recently considered as inherent features of individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but only sporadic literature data exist on emotion recognition in adolescents with ADHD. The aim of the present study was to establish emotion recognition profile in adolescent boys with ADHD in comparison with control adolescents.

Methods: Forty-four adolescent boys (13-16 years) participated in the study after informed consent; 22 boys had a clinical diagnosis of ADHD, while data were also assessed from 22 adolescent control boys matched for age and Raven IQ.

Gender interactions in the recognition of emotions and conduct symptoms in adolescents.

Background: According to literature data, impairment in the recognition of emotions might be related to antisocial developmental pathway. In the present study, the relationship between gender-specific interaction of emotion recognition and conduct symptoms were studied in non-clinical adolescents.

Methods: After informed consent, 29 boys and 24 girls (13-16 years, 14 ± 0.

Self- and Parent-Rated Quality of Life of a Treatment Naïve Sample of Children With ADHD: The Impact of Age, Gender, Type of ADHD, and Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions According to Both a Categorical and a Dimensional Approach.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the Quality of Life (QoL) of treatment naïve children with ADHD.

Method: Data from 178 parent-child dyads were analyzed using multiple regression to assess the relationships between QoL, and characteristics of ADHD and comorbid psychopathology.

Results: Lower self-reported QoL was associated with female gender, higher age, more symptoms of anxiety and trauma-related disorders in dimensional approach, and with the comorbid diagnoses of trauma-related disorders and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)/conduct disorder (CD) in categorical approach.

The association between major depressive disorder in childhood and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adolescence.

Objective: Depression in adults is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is unclear, however, when the association between clinical depression and cardiac risk factors develops or how early in life this association can be detected.

Methods: In an ongoing study of pediatric depression, we compared CVD risk factors including smoking, obesity, physical activity level, sedentary behavior, and parental history of CVD across three samples of adolescents: probands with established histories of childhood-onset major depressive disorder (n = 210), never-depressed siblings of probands (n = 195), and controls with no history of any major psychiatric disorder (n = 161).

Conduct symptoms and emotion recognition in adolescent boys with externalization problems.

Background: In adults with antisocial personality disorder, marked alterations in the recognition of facial affect were described. Less consistent data are available on the emotion recognition in adolescents with externalization problems. The aim of the present study was to assess the relation between the recognition of emotions and conduct symptoms in adolescent boys with externalization problems.

[Aggressive and prosocial behavior in childhood psychopathology].

Aggressive/attacking and helpful/emphatic/prosocial behaviors are extremely important in human relationships. Both high levels of aggression and deficits of prosociality play important role in the development and conservation of mental disorders. We review the measurement options and clinical importance of aggressive and prosocial behavior.

[Validation of the Hungarian version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in an adolescent clinical population].

Introduction: The short Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) available in parent, teacher and self-report versions, is used world-wide for assessing and screening childhood behavior and mental problems, as part of clinical assessments, therapy outcome evaluations, and research tool. The aim of the present study was to extend the use of Hungarian version to a clinical sample, to examine the clinical cut-off values suggested previously on the basis of a normative sample, and to test the questionnaire's sensitivity in differentiating between different psychiatric disorders.

Method: The parent and self-report versions of the five scale SDQ-Magy questionnaire was filled in by 716 parents and their children admitted to Vadaskert Child Psychiatry and Outpatient Clinic.

The relationship between conduct symptoms and the recognition of emotions in non-clinical adolescents.

Background: In adult individuals with antisocial personality disorder, impairment in the recognition of fear seems established. In adolescents with conduct disorder (antecedent of antisocial personality disorder), only sporadic data were assessed, but literature data indicate alterations in the recognition of emotions. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between emotion recognition and conduct symptoms in non-clinical adolescents.

[The relationship between reactive/proactive aggression, callous/unemotional traits and behavioural problems in Hungarian adolescents].

Introduction: The relationship between the type of physical aggressive behavior, callous/unemotional traits and behavioral problems was extensively studied in the literature, but no similar data exist in Hungarian adolescents.

Aim: In the present study, the type of aggressive behavior was assessed in adolescents on a normative sample to study its relationship with callous/unemotional traits and behavioral problems.

Sample: 223 students were participated in the study after informed consent (girls, n=106, age: 14.

[Comparing the comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood and adolescence].

Background: International researches found that comorbid psychiatric diagnoses are present in more than two-thirds of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases, and the patterns of comorbidity are influenced by developmental aspects. The aim of this study is to compare the comorbid diagnoses with ADHD on a Hungarian sample between a children and an adolescents.

Methods: Children and adolescents (under the age of 18) with ADHD according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid, hospitalized for the first time to Vadaskert Psychiatric Hospital for Children and Adolescents were included in the study.

[Adulthood -- childhood -- adulthood: long-term therapy in child and adolescent psychiatry].

The aggregation of psychiatric disorders within families is well-known. The relative role of biological, psychogenic and socialization-related factors varies with the individual case. Another well-known fact is that parents play a very important role in influencing whether their child gets the right treatment when it is necessary.

[Investigation of callous/unemotional traits and interpersonal characteristics among Hungarian adolescents--preliminary research results].

Unlabelled: In the understanding of aggressive behaviour an important role is contributed to callous/unemotional (C/U) traits (lack of guilty and empathy, grandiose self, manipulation). C/U traits are parts of psychopathy construct. There were a growing amount of researches in last decades connected to the appearance of C/U traits among children.

Methylphenidate treatment and dyskinesia in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objectives: Case reports suggest a relationship between methylphenidate treatment and dyskinesia in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the current study was (a) to investigate abnormal involuntary movements of children with ADHD before and after the administration of methylphenidate and (b) to investigate the effect of a provocative assessment method used to make latent dyskinesia visible, which is included in the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS).

Methods: Participants, aged 6-18, were recruited from a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital and Outpatient Clinic (Vadaskert Foundation), Budapest, Hungary.

Association of the GABRD gene and childhood-onset mood disorders.

The chromosome 1p36 region was previously indicated as a locus for susceptibility to recurrent major depressive disorder based on a linkage study in a sample of 497 sib pairs. We investigated the gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) delta receptor subunit gene, GABRD, as a susceptibility gene to childhood-onset mood disorders (COMD) because of substantial evidence implicating GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders and the position of this gene near the 1p36 linkage region. Using a sample consisting of 645 Hungarian families with a child/adolescent proband diagnosed with a mood disorder with the onset of the first episode before age 15, we found some evidence for the association of two polymorphisms located within the gene, rs2376805 and rs2376803, as well as significant evidence for biased transmission of the haplotypes of these two markers (global chi(2) test for haplotypes = 12.

No association between oxytocin or prolactin gene variants and childhood-onset mood disorders.

Background: Oxytocin (OXT) and prolactin (PRL) are neuropeptide hormones that interact with the serotonin system and are involved in the stress response and social affiliation. In human studies, serum OXT and PRL levels have been associated with depression and related phenotypes. Our purpose was to determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the loci for OXT, PRL and their receptors, OXTR and PRLR, were associated with childhood-onset mood disorders (COMD).

Reduced fronto-cortical brain connectivity during NREM sleep in Asperger syndrome: an EEG spectral and phase coherence study.

Objective: To investigate whether sleep macrostructure and EEG power spectral density and coherence during NREM sleep are different in Asperger syndrome (AS) compared to typically developing children and adolescents.

Methods: Standard all night EEG sleep parameters were obtained from 18 un-medicated subjects with AS and 14 controls (age range: 7.5-21.