Information Causality as a Tool for Bounding the Set of Quantum Correlations.

Information causality was initially proposed as a physical principle aimed at deriving the predictions of quantum mechanics on the type of correlations observed in the Bell experiment. In the same work, information causality was famously shown to imply the Uffink inequality that approximates the set of quantum correlations and rederives Tsirelson's bound of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality. This result found limited generalizations due to the difficulty of deducing implications of the information causality principle on the set of nonlocal correlations.

Sodium chloride in the tumor microenvironment enhances T cell metabolic fitness and cytotoxicity.

The efficacy of antitumor immunity is associated with the metabolic state of cytotoxic T cells, which is sensitive to the tumor microenvironment. Whether ionic signals affect adaptive antitumor immune responses is unclear. In the present study, we show that there is an enrichment of sodium in solid tumors from patients with breast cancer.

High Schmidt Number Concentration in Quantum Bound Entangled States.

A deep understanding of quantum entanglement is vital for advancing quantum technologies. The strength of entanglement can be quantified by counting the degrees of freedom that are entangled, which results in a quantity called the Schmidt number. A particular challenge is to identify the strength of entanglement in quantum states that remain positive under partial transpose (PPT), otherwise recognized as undistillable states.

Calling Cards: A Customizable Platform to Longitudinally Record Protein-DNA Interactions Over Time in Cells and Tissues.

Calling Cards is a platform technology to record a cumulative history of transient protein-DNA interactions in the genome of genetically targeted cell types. The record of these interactions is recovered by next-generation sequencing. Compared with other genomic assays, readouts of which provide a snapshot at the time of harvest, Calling Cards enables correlation of historical molecular states to eventual outcomes or phenotypes.

Calling Cards: a customizable platform to longitudinally record protein-DNA interactions over time in cells and tissues.

Calling Cards is a platform technology to record a cumulative history of transient protein-DNA interactions in the genome of genetically targeted cell types. The record of these interactions is recovered by next generation sequencing. Compared to other genomic assays, whose readout provides a snapshot at the time of harvest, Calling Cards enables correlation of historical molecular states to eventual outcomes or phenotypes.

Tspan6 stimulates the chemoattractive potential of breast cancer cells for B cells in an EV- and LXR-dependent manner.

The immune microenvironment in breast cancer (BCa) is controlled by a complex network of communication between various cell types. Here, we find that recruitment of B lymphocytes to BCa tissues is controlled via mechanisms associated with cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (CCD-EVs). Gene expression profiling identifies the Liver X receptor (LXR)-dependent transcriptional network as a key pathway that controls both CCD-EVs-induced migration of B cells and accumulation of B cells in BCa tissues.

HPV and RAD51 as Prognostic Factors for Survival in Inoperable Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer in Patients Unfit for Chemotherapy Treated with Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy.

Introduction: The incidence of advanced oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers is generally high. Treatment outcomes for patients, especially those unfit for comprehensive cancer treatment, are unsatisfactory. Therefore, the search for factors to predict response to treatment and increase overall survival is underway.

A Multispecific Anti-CD40 DARPin Construct Induces Tumor-Selective CD40 Activation and Tumor Regression.

The CD40 receptor is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Although a modest pharmacodynamic effect is seen in patients following administration of CD40-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAb), the doses that could be safely administered do not result in a meaningful clinical response, most likely due to the limited therapeutic window associated with systemic CD40 activation. To overcome this issue, we developed a multispecific DARPin construct, α-FAPxCD40, which has conditional activity at the site of disease.

Experimental test of quantum causal influences.

Since Bell's theorem, it is known that local realism fails to explain quantum phenomena. Bell inequality violations manifestly show the incompatibility of quantum theory with classical notions of cause and effect. As recently found, however, the instrumental scenario-a pivotal tool in causal inference-allows for nonclassicality signatures going beyond this paradigm.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HETEROGENEITY OF NON-INVASIVE PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL CARCINOMAS AND THE MARKERS OF THEIR RECURRENCE.

Urothelial carcinoma represents the most common type of bladder cancer (>90%) and is the most frequent malignancy of the urinary tract. Most of the urothelial carcinomas are non-invasive at the time of diagnosis, however they are characterised with the risk of recurrence after surgical treatment. The aim of our study was to investigate the characteristics of tumor heterogeneity and markers of its progression in urothelial papillary carcinomas.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, PROLIFERATIVE, APOPTOTIC AND HORMONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LEIOMYOMAS.

Uterine leiomyomas decrease the quality of life by causing significant morbidity among women of reproductive age. Histologically various types of leiomyoma's can be differentiated. We have analysed the histopathological, proliferation, apoptotic and hormonal profile in different types of leiomyomas.

DISTRIBUTION OF STEM CELLS IN DIFFERENT THYROID LESIONS IN PATIENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE, MENOPAUSAL AND POST-MENOPAUSAL AGE.

Different studies indicate that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in the progression and therapy resistance in different cancer types. The aim of our study was to analyse the distribution of CSCs in different thyroid lesions, in reproductive, menopausal and post-menopausal women. Study included altogether 200 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue material, with the diagnosis of NIFTP, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and PTC and Hashimoto's thyroiditis co-occurred cases.

LC3A positive "stone like structures" are differentially associated with survival outcomes and CD68 macrophage infiltration in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Aims: The aim of the study was to analyse the prognostic and predictive value of LC3A positive' 'Stone Like Structures'' (SLSs) in a large cohort of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and to check its relationship with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-L1 expression.

Methods: Tissue microarrays from 1015 patients diagnosed at the Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, were stained for LC3A, PD-L1, CD3 and CD68 using automated tissue stainer Ventana Benchmark Ultra (Roche). TILs were assessed in matched haematoxylin and eosin stained slides.

Skp2 and Slug Are Coexpressed in Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Inhibited by Neddylation Blockade.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in Western countries, and there is still an urgent need for a better understanding of PCa progression to inspire new treatment strategies. Skp2 is a substrate-recruiting component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, whose activity is regulated through neddylation. Slug is a transcriptional repressor involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which may contribute to therapy resistance.

PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RELAPSED LEIOMYOMA AND SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN MALIGNANCY POTENTIAL IN REPRODUCTIVE WOMEN.

Uterine leiomyoma represents the most common pelvic tumor in females, including numerous histological subtypes, from which smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignancy potential (STUMP) represents the diagnostic challenge. On the other hand, the study of the relapse risk markers after laparoscopic myomectomy is of high interest. We investigated the molecular phenotype of different types of leiomyoma after hysterectomy or laparoscopic surgery in reproductive and menopausal women.

Quantifying Causal Influences in the Presence of a Quantum Common Cause.

Quantum mechanics challenges our intuition on the cause-effect relations in nature. Some fundamental concepts, including Reichenbach's common cause principle or the notion of local realism, have to be reconsidered. Traditionally, this is witnessed by the violation of a Bell inequality.

DISTRIBUTION OF SEX HORMONES AND LYMPHOCYTES IN REPRODUCTIVE WOMAN WITH THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA AND HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS.

The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma is characterised with increasing tendency, with unknown reasons. Frequently the co-occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis has been observed. The aim of our study was to analyse the expression of hormone receptors, lymphocytic infiltration and thyreocyte/lymphocyte proliferation index in thyroid papillary carcinoma and in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Predictive and Prognostic Value of DNA Damage Response Associated Kinases in Solid Tumors.

Dysfunctional DNA repair with subsequent genome instability and high mutational burden represents a major hallmark of cancer. In established malignant tumors, increased DNA repair capacity mediates resistance to DNA-damaging therapeutics, including cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy, and selected small molecules including inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), and Wee1 kinase (Wee1). In addition, DNA repair deficiency is not only associated with sensitivity to selected anticancer drugs, but also with increased mutagenicity and increased neoantigen load on tumor cells, resulting in increased immunogenicity and improved response to CTLA4- or PD-(L)1 targeting monoclonal antibodies.

Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and their association with PD-L1 expression and DNA repair protein RAD51 in patients with resected non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Objectives: DNA repair proteins have emerged as potential predictors for immunotherapy response alongside PD-L1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor mutational burden. We analyzed expression of PD-L1, TILs count and expression of the homologous recombination (HR) protein RAD51, as potential prognostic factors in patients with resected non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: Discovery set included 96 NSCLC patients from the University Hospital Olomouc (Czech Republic) and a replication set included 1109 NSCLC patients from University Hospital Zurich (Switzerland).

TLR9 EXPRESSION, LANGERHANS CELL DENSITY AND LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION IN PROGRESSING CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA.

Toll like receptors (TLRs), NK cells, Langerhans cells and T cells play an important role in the protection of host organism from human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. The aim of our study was to analyse TLR9 expression, Langerhans cell density and NK cell and Lymphocytic infiltration in the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). By using standard immunohistochemistry, we have investigated TLR9, CD1a Langerhans cell marker, CD56 NK cell marker, CD3 general T cell marker, CD4 T helper cell marker and CD8 cytotoxic T cell marker.

EPIGENETIC CHANGES - HISTONE 3 PHOSPHORYLATION - EPITHELIAL OVARIAN TUMORS.

Histone modifications represent one of the types of epigenetic changes. Histones, undergo different types of epigenetic modifications, including the phosphorylation of serine residues. pHH3 antibodies specifically detect histon-3 protein, when phosphorylated at 10th and 28th serine residues.

DISTRIBUTION OF INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES IN CERVICAL MICROENVIRONMENT DURING THE PROGRESSION OF CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA.

Microenvironment plays central role in the development of cervical precancerous and cancerous lesions. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) represents a group of precancerous lesions, divided into three degrees. We investigated the distribution of intraepithelial lymphocytes and macrophages in different grades of CIN.