Protective effects of resveratrol on aging-induced cognitive impairment in rats.

Resveratrol, a polyphenol phytoalexine, has been shown to play a neuroprotective role in the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and improve memory function in dementia. However, the in vivo effect of resveratrol in normal aging models of learning and memory has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the present neurobehavioral study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on cognitive impairment induced by aging in passive avoidance and Morris water maze (MWM) tests.

Effects of YC-1 on learning and memory functions of aged rats.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a potent nitric oxide-guanylate cyclase activator, 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1), on learning and memory functions in aged rats.

Material And Methods: Rats were divided into 2 groups as 4-month-old and 24-month-old rats. Rats received YC-1 (1 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks long-term.

The link between unpredictable chronic mild stress model for depression and vascular inflammation?

Inflammation has been suggested to be associated with stress-induced depression and cardiovascular dysfunction. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a major cytokine in the activation of neuroendocrine, immune, and behavioral responses. In this study, we investigated the effects of infliximab (a TNF-α inhibitor) on endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity, systemic blood pressure, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) immunoreactivity in the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model of depression in rats.

Effects of chronic low- and high-dose ethanol intake on the nitrergic relaxations of corpus cavernosum and penile nitric oxide synthase in the rabbit.

Epidemiological evidence showed that chronic ethanol consumption is a major risk factor in the development of impotence. The present study investigated the effects of carbachol-, electrical field stimulation (EFS)-, sodium nitroprusside (SNP)- and papaverine-induced relaxant responses in the isolated corpus cavernosum tissues from rabbits submitted to an 12-week course of chronic low (5% v/v) or high ethanol intake (30% v/v). Increased carbachol- and EFS-induced relaxant responses but not SNP and papaverine, were observed in low ethanol-fed rabbits compared with controls.

Selective and nonselective neuronal NOS inhibitors impair cognitive function in the three panel runway and passive avoidance tasks in rats.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of both neuronal NOS (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor 2-iminobiotin, with the more selective nNOS inhibitor N(ω)-propyl-L-arginine (NPLA) and selective inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine, on emotional learning, working memory and reference memory, by using three panel runway and passive avoidance paradigm in order to clarify the role of distinct isoforms of NOS in the regulation of learning and memory functions. NPLA and 2-iminobiotin significantly increased the number of errors and latency of working and reference memory performances of rats in three panel runway paradigm and impairs retention for the passive avoidance task. However, aminoguanidine did not affect cognitive functions in three panel runway and passive avoidance test.

Evidence for the involvement of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase on cognitive functions in rats.

Aims: The influence of 3-bromo-7-nitroindazole (3-Br 7-NI), a potent and selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, and [1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole[4,3a]-quinoxaline-1-one] (ODQ), a highly selective, irreversible inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), on working and reference memory and emotional learning was investigated in rats.

Main Methods: The effects were assessed in the three-panel runway and step-down passive avoidance task, respectively.

Key Findings: 3-Br 7-NI (5, 10, and 20mg/kg) and ODQ (5, 10, and 20mg/kg) significantly increased the number of errors and latency of both working and reference memory performance of rats and impaired retention for the passive avoidance task.

Chronic administration of fluoxetine impairs neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle.

Antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), cause erectile dysfunction; however, the mechanism by which they cause erectile function is unclear. We investigated the reactivity of the corpus cavernosum after chronic fluoxetine treatment in rabbits. Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: control (n=6) or 20mg/kg/day of fluoxetine delivered i.

Beneficial effects of resveratrol on scopolamine but not mecamylamine induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests in rats.

Resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), which is found in grapes and red wine has been shown to protect neuronal cells with its antioxidant activity, improve memory function in dementia and reverse acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on emotional and spatial memory in naive rats, as well as on scopolamine- and mecamylamine-induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Resveratrol (12.

Effects of resveratrol on ileal smooth muscle reactivity in polymicrobial sepsis model.

Objective: To determine the effects of resveratrol on the ileal smooth muscle reactivity in polymicrobial sepsis.

Material And Methods: Polimicrobial sepsis was induced by the cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) procedure. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups.

Effects of long-term treatment with fluoxetine and venlafaxine on rat isolated vas deferens.

Antidepressant therapy is considered as one of the factors leading to male infertility. In this study, the effects of long-term treatment with fluoxetine or venlafaxine were investigated on electrical field stimulation (EFS, 1-64 Hz), noradrenaline (10(-8) to 10(-4) M), serotonin (10(-8) to 10(-4) M), adenosine 5'-triphosphate [ATP (10(-8) to 10(-4) M)] and 80 mM KCl-induced contractile responses in the epididymal and prostatic portions of rat isolated vas deferens strips. Serotonin-induced contractile responses were significantly increased in the epididymal portion of the vas deferens obtained from the fluoxetine-treatment group, whereas in the prostatic portion there was no change.

Effects of diabetes and elevated glucose on nitrergic relaxations in the isolated duodenum of the rat.

Nitrergic relaxations of the isolated duodenum, induced by streptozotocin, were investigated in the experimental 8-week diabetes rat model. The effects of elevated glucose were also examined in the incubated duodenal muscles (in Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 44 mM glucose for 6 h) taken from nondiabetic rats. The relaxations induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and nicotine were significantly reduced in diabetic rats compared with control rats.

7-Nitroindazole, a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, impairs passive-avoidance and elevated plus-maze memory performance in rats.

The role of nitric oxide (NO) on cognitive performance in a modified elevated plus-maze (mEPM) and passive-avoidance (PA) task was investigated by using the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) and an NO precursor l-arginine. The interaction between the activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and NO synthesis on memory retention was also studied. 7-NI, l-arginine or MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist were injected intraperitoneally (i.

The effect of hydrocephalus on lower esophageal sphincter smooth muscle reactivity: experimental study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacophysiological significance of the enteric nervous system for the mechanical responses of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in infantile rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus.

Material And Methods: Hydrocephalus was created in 7-day-old rats by injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna. After 10 days, rats were decapitated.

Effect of dextromethorphan on reference memory assessed in rats by a three-panel runway task.

The effects of dextromethorphan (DM, CAS 6700-34-1), a common over-the-counter cough suppressant, on the reference memory have been investigated by a three-panel runway setup in rats. This study was designed by using a repeated acquisition procedure such as a radialarm maze task or a water maze task. DM (20-40 mg/kg i.

Esophagitis impairs esophageal smooth muscle reactivity in the rat model: an in vitro study.

The present study investigated how reflux-induced esophagitis affects the smooth muscle reactivity of the esophageal body. Two different esophagitis models were used: acid gastric and mixed duodenogastric reflux. All test animals apart from the controls developed gross and histologic evidence of esophagitis.

Gastric smooth muscle contractility changes in the esophageal atresia rat model: an in vitro study.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the gastric smooth muscle reactivity in the Adriamycin-induced esophageal atresia (EA) rat model.

Methods: The fetuses were divided into 3 groups. The control group was exposed to saline.

Age-related smooth muscle reactivity changes in the rat bladder: an in vitro study.

An experimental study was conducted to investigate developmental changes of the rat detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) reactivity from newborn to adult period. Urinary bladders were obtained from adult (4 months old), 1-month-old and newborn (4-7 days old) male Sprague-Dawley rats. DSM reactivity of the three groups was evaluated in organ chambers.

Impaired neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxant responses of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle from hyperthyroid rabbits.

We investigated the effect of hyperthyroidism on the responsiveness of the rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. In male albino rabbits, hyperthyroidism was established by oral feeding of L-thyroxine at increasing dosages (150-450 microg/kg) over an 8-week period. This treatment produced a stable hyperthyroid state as indicated by the increased serum T4 levels.

Impaired esophageal reactivity in adriamycin-induced rat esophageal atresia: an in vitro study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the reactivity of lower esophageal smooth muscle in the Adriamycin-induced esophageal atresia (EA) rat model.

Methods: The fetuses were divided into 3 groups. The control group was exposed to saline.

Blood pressure and vascular reactivity to endothelin-1, phenylephrine, serotonin, KCl and acetylcholine following chronic alcohol consumption in vitro.

Ethanol has been reported to cause hypertension, the mechanism of which is unknown. Therefore, the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on vascular responsiveness and blood pressure was investigated. Systolic blood pressure was recorded weekly by tail-cuff method.

Antidepressant, anxiogenic, and antinociceptive properties of levofloxacin in rats and mice.

Levofloxacin, an optically active isomer of ofloxacin, is a fluorinated quinolone with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Fluoroquinolones have been used for the treatment of bacterial infections for many years. Although they were considered as relatively safe drugs, various adverse effects have recently been reported along with increase in the usage of new-generation fluoroquinolones.

Antidepressant-like effect of 7-nitroindazole in the forced swimming test in rats.

Rationale: There is some strong evidence about the role of nitric oxide (NO) as an intercellular messenger in central physiological mechanisms. NO is synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), as a response to activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by excitatory amino acids. NMDA receptor antagonists also produce antidepressant-like actions in preclinical models.

Anxiolytic-like effects of 7-nitroindazole in the rat plus-maze test.

It is considered that nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most interesting research subjects. Because the actual role of NO in the mechanism of anxiety is still unclear, in this study, the involvement of NO in the mechanism of anxiety was investigated, using the plus-maze test. 7-Nitroindazole (7-NI) (15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg), a new nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor was studied.