NADPH oxidase 4 in mouse β cells participates in inflammation on chronic nutrient overload.

Objective: By exposing mice carrying a deletion of NADPH oxidase isoform 4, NOX4, specifically in pancreatic β cells (βNOX4-/-) to nutrient excess stimulated by a high-fat diet (HFD), this study aimed to elucidate the role of β-cell redox status in the development of meta-inflammation within the diabetic phenotype.

Methods: The authors performed basic phenotyping of βNOX4-/- mice on HFD involving insulin and glycemic analyses, histochemistry of adipocytes, indirect calorimetry, and cytokine analyses. To characterize local inflammation, the study used caspase-1 activity assay, interleukin-1β immunochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction during coculturing of β cells with macrophages.

High inductive magnetic stimuli and their effects on mesenchymal stromal cells, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts.

Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on the activation of different tissue recovery processes have already been fully understood. Preliminary recent data demonstrated that a special case of sinusoidal electromagnetic fields, known as amplitude-modulated currents (AMC) could have a potential to accelerate the cell metabolism or cell migration. An AMC generator was designed to generate sinusoidal induced electric currents with the amplitude modulation and the harmonic carrier frequency of 5,000 Hz was modulated by frequencies of 1 to 100 Hz.

A pilot study of the UVA-photoprotective potential of dehydrosilybin, isosilybin, silychristin, and silydianin on human dermal fibroblasts.

The exposure of naked unprotected skin to solar radiation may result in numerous acute and chronic undesirable effects. Evidence suggests that silymarin, a standardized extract from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

Cardioprotective effect of 2,3-dehydrosilybin preconditioning in isolated rat heart.

2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHS) is a minor component of silymarin, Silybum marianum seed extract, used in some dietary supplements. One of the most promising activities of this compound is its anticancer and cardioprotective activity that results, at least partially, from its cytoprotective, antioxidant, and chemopreventive properties. The present study investigated the cardioprotective effects of DHS in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats.

UVA-photoprotective potential of silymarin and silybin.

Exposure to solar radiation is a major cause of environmental human skin damage. The main constituent of solar UV light is UVA radiation (320-400 nm); however, the need for protection against UVA has been marginalized for a long time. As a result, there is still a lack of useful agents for UVA protection.

Silymarin Constituent 2,3-Dehydrosilybin Triggers Reserpine-Sensitive Positive Inotropic Effect in Perfused Rat Heart.

2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHS) is a minor flavonolignan component of Silybum marianum seed extract known for its hepatoprotective activity. Recently we identified DHS as a potentially cardioprotective substance during hypoxia/reoxygenation in isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. This is the first report of positive inotropic effect of DHS on perfused adult rat heart.

Mesenchymal stromal cell labeling by new uncoated superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles in comparison with commercial Resovist--an initial in vitro study.

Objective: Cell therapies have emerged as a promising approach in medicine. The basis of each therapy is the injection of 1-100×10(6) cells with regenerative potential into some part of the body. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most used cell type in the cell therapy nowadays, but no gold standard for the labeling of the MSCs for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is available yet.

Silymarin component 2,3-dehydrosilybin attenuates cardiomyocyte damage following hypoxia/reoxygenation by limiting oxidative stress.

Ischemic postconditioning and remote conditioning are potentially useful tools for protecting ischemic myocardium. This study tested the hypothesis that 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHS), a flavonolignan component of Silybum marianum, could attenuate cardiomyocyte damage following hypoxia/reoxygenation by decreasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). After 5-6 days of cell culture in normoxic conditions the rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were divided into four groups.

Biotransformation of silybin and its congeners.

Silybin and its congeners belong to a group of flavonolignans with strong biological activities. These compounds are potentially applicable in human medicine, e. g.

Dehydrosilybin attenuates the production of ROS in rat cardiomyocyte mitochondria with an uncoupler-like mechanism.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) originating from mitochondria are perceived as a factor contributing to cell aging and means have been sought to attenuate ROS formation with the aim of extending the cell lifespan. Silybin and dehydrosilybin, two polyphenolic compounds, display a plethora of biological effects generally ascribed to their known antioxidant capacity. When investigating the cytoprotective effects of these two compounds in the primary cell cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, we noted the ability of dehydrosilybin to de-energize the cells by monitoring JC-1 fluorescence.

Ion-trap mass spectrometry for determination of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine and 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-L-thyronine in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

Our short report describes a method employing electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometry (MS) connected to a reversed phase (C(8)) HPLC system for monitoring of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) and its precursor 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-L-thyronine (T4) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The experimental protocol allows simultaneous analysis of the free thyroid hormones in nanomolar concentration range and enables observation of their distribution in cultivation medium over time. The method is a useful tool for MS(2) identification of T3/T4 and analysis of their uptake into mammalian cells.

Uncouple my heart: the benefits of inefficiency.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury leads to structural changes in the heart muscle later followed by functional decline due to progressive fibrous replacement. Hence approaches to minimize IR injury are devised, including ischemic pre-and postconditioning. Mild uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is one of the mechanisms suggested to be cardioprotective as chemical uncoupling mimics ischemic preconditioning.