Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: We recently demonstrated that large extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by Aβ-loaded microglia and carrying Aβ (Aβ-EVs) propagate synaptic dysfunction in the mouse brain by moving at the axon surface (Gabrielli et al., Brain, 2022; Falcicchia et al., Brain Commun, 2023).

Nutritional Strategies for the Treatment and Prevention of Sepsis Outside the Intensive Care Unit.

Background/objectives: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by an imbalanced immune response to infection, posing a significant challenge in hospital settings due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. While much attention has been given to patients in the ICU, uncertainties remain regarding the nutritional management of septic patients in non-intensive wards. This narrative review aims to address these gaps by exploring key aspects of nutritional care in sepsis patients admitted to non-intensive wards.

Differences between MINOCA and type 2 myocardial infarction: An ITALIAN observational study.

Background: Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and type 2 myocardial infarction (MI), both presenting as non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI), are often grouped together due to overlapping symptoms. The aim of our study is to compare their characteristics and prognosis to distinguish between them.

Methods: Among 7815 patients with NSTEMI who underwent coronary angiography between 2005 and 2022 we identified 538 patients with diagnosis of MINOCA (n = 301; 3,9 %) and type 2 MI (n = 237; 3 %).

Dynamics of drinking water biofilm formation associated with Legionella spp. colonization.

Understanding how Legionella spp. proliferate in multispecies biofilms is essential to develop strategies to control their presence in building plumbing. Here, we analyzed biofilm formation and Legionella spp.

New Drinking Water Genome Catalog Identifies a Globally Distributed Bacterial Genus Adapted to Disinfected Drinking Water Systems.

Genome-resolved insights into the structure and function of the drinking water microbiome can advance the effective management of drinking water quality. To enable this, we constructed and curated thousands of metagenome-assembled and isolate genomes from drinking water distribution systems globally to develop a Drinking Water Genome Catalog (DWGC). The current DWGC disproportionately represents disinfected drinking water systems due to a paucity of metagenomes from nondisinfected systems.

Does extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation improve survival with favorable neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) may improve survival with favorable neurological outcome in patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Unfortunately, recent results from randomized controlled trials were inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the impact of E-CPR on neurological outcome compared to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (C-CPR).

The presence of plasmenyl ether lipids in suggests a premetazoan origin of plasmalogen biosynthesis in animals.

Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids with a vinyl ether bond, rather than an ester bond, at -1 position. These lipids were described in anaerobic bacteria, myxobacteria, animals and some protists, but not in plants or fungi. Anaerobic and aerobic organisms synthesize plasmalogens differently.

The impact of DNA extraction on the quantification of , with implications for ecological studies.

Monitoring the levels of opportunistic pathogens in drinking water is important to plan interventions and understand the ecological niches that allow them to proliferate. Quantitative PCR is an established alternative to culture methods that can provide a faster, higher-throughput, and more precise enumeration of the bacteria in water samples. However, PCR-based methods are still not routinely applied for monitoring, and techniques, such as DNA extraction, differ notably between laboratories.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Italian version of the Paediatric Palliative Screening Scale.

Unlabelled: The number of children eligible for Paediatric Palliative Care has dramatically increased over the years, with few tools that can help with early identification. The Paediatric Palliative Screening Scale is a dedicated German, English, and Portuguese screening tool. We aimed to translate and perform a cultural adaptation to the Italian setting of the Paediatric Palliative Screening Scale.

Traumatic Orbital Compression Syndromes: A Comprehensive Study Into Etiologies, Intervention Strategies, and Clinical Outcomes.

Facial fractures and their historical link to potential blindness have been well-documented, often attributed to optic canal injuries or retinal vascular occlusion. This dire consequence can result from both direct and indirect ocular trauma, including retrobulbar hemorrhage. Traumatic orbital compression can manifest in various forms, such as hematomas, fractured bone fragments, and emphysema, all posing a significant threat to vision, necessitating immediate intervention.

Cytotoxicity evaluation of Chlorhexidine and Blue®M applied to a human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) and keratinocytes (NOK-SI): In vitro study.

Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a prime choice to control the oral microbiota. However, it's a chemical agent leading to side effects such as teeth strains, taste disturbance, and desquamation of oral mucosa. Alternatively, the lactoferrin and oxygen-based Blue®M has been introduced as an alternative to the CHX, not disturbing tissue repair.

Paired plasma lipidomics and proteomics analysis in the conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition for which there is currently no available medication that can stop its progression. Previous studies suggest that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a phase that precedes the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind MCI conversion to AD is needed.

Postsurgical Volumetric Airway Changes in Class III Patients Receiving Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) changes in class III patients receiving bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and correlate the PAS volume and minimum axial section changes with the magnitude of the surgical movement. This research involved a retrospective sample composed of 38 patients with class III skeletal occlusions. Three-dimensional measurements of the PAS volume and minimum axial section were conducted.

Dysfunction of the Brown Adipose Organ in HFD-Obese Rats and Effect of Tart Cherry Supplementation.

Obesity has a great impact on adipose tissue biology, based on its function as a master regulator of energy balance. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) undergoes remodeling, and its activity declines in obese subjects due to a whitening process. The anti-obesity properties of fruit extracts have been reported.

Coffee and Microbiota: A Narrative Review.

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, which has important repercussions on the health of the individual, mainly because of certain compounds it contains. Coffee consumption exerts significant influences on the entire body, including the gastrointestinal tract, where a central role is played by the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is implicated in the occurrence of numerous diseases, and knowledge of the microbiota has proven to be of fundamental importance for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Evaluation of Bone Repair Using a New Biphasic Synthetic Bioceramic (Plenum Oss) in Critical Calvaria Defect in Rats.

(1) Background: Biphasic bioceramics are synthetic bone substitutes that provide greater safety and better predictability in guided bone regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the bone repair process using a new biphasic bioceramic of synthetic origin (Plenum Oss-70HA: 30β-TCP) in critical calvarial defects. (2) Methods: seventy-four defects were created in rat calvaria and divided into two groups-Plenum Oss (PO), right side, and Straumann BoneCeramic™ (BC), left side.

Role of Fecal Calprotectin in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Abdominal Pain with or without Diarrhea or Rectal Bleeding.

Background And Objective: Abdominal pain is a frequent reason for admission to the Emergency Department. It may be a symptom of an underlying "organic" disease or a "functional" manifestation without an underlying anatomic or physiologic alteration. The evaluation of patients with abdominal pain is a challenge for the emergency physician and the selection of patients for second-level radiological examinations or endoscopic procedures is not always easy to perform.

Bariatric Surgery Before and After the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: a Comparative Study of Cases Before the Onset of the Pandemic in a High-Volume Academic Center.

Introduction: At the beginning of the pandemic, studies showed a higher risk of severe surgical complications and mortality among patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection, which led to the suspension of elective surgery. Confinement and lockdown measures were shown to be associated with weight gain and less access to medical and surgical care in patients with obesity, with negative health consequences. To evaluate the safety of bariatric surgery during the pandemic, we compared 30-day complications between patients who underwent bariatric surgery immediately before with those who underwent bariatric surgery during the opening phase of the pandemic.