Onychomycosis Treatment Prescribed at Only Twenty Percent of Visits: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2007 to 2016.

Background: Onychomycosis represents the highest proportion of nail disorders seen in clinical practice. Onychomycosis management may differ amongst specialties, with impact on patient outcomes and quality of life (QoL).

Objective: We aimed to characterize onychomycosis treatment across specialties, accounting for patient demographics, to assess for potential onychomycosis practice gaps.

Prescribing Trends for Acne Vulgaris Visits in the United States.

Acne vulgaris is the most common reason for pediatric patients and third most common reason for adult patients to seek care from a dermatologist in the US. However, referring providers may be reluctant to initiate patients on acne treatment or certain prescriptions. We assessed over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription acne (antibiotic and non-antibiotic) treatment rates to characterize differences by patient demographics and provider specialty.

Reasons for Visits to the Dermatologist Stratified by Race.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine, from the patient's perspective, the most common reasons for seeking medical attention for skin disease and how this varies among different races.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis on the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey between 2007 and 2018, the most recent years available. The frequency of each reason for visits was determined using the survey procedures of SAS version 9.

Trends in Office Visits for the Five Most Common Skin Diseases in the United States.

Objective: We sought to determine the outpatient visit rates for the five most common skin conditions among dermatologists and non-dermatologists.

Methods: We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional analysis using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey between 2007 and 2016, the most recent years available.

Results: The five most common skin diagnoses among all medical specialties were contact dermatitis, acne vulgaris, actinic keratosis, benign neoplasm of the skin, and epidermoid cyst, respectively.

Why Do Patients in the United States Seek Care from Dermatologists?

Introduction: While the diagnoses made at visits to the dermatologist are well characterized, the reasons patients visit the dermatologists are not well described. Understanding why patients present to dermatologists could be helpful in identifying patients' unmet needs and developing outreach programs to improve patients' access to care. The purpose of this study is to characterize the reasons why US patients sought medical attention from dermatologists.

Workforce Requirements for Skin Cancer and Related Skin Tumors Continue to Increase: Clinicians Expend an Average of 1,740 Full-Time Effort Years Annually.

Background: With an aging population, estimating workforce requirements for management of common conditions such as skin cancer will be necessary to meet the health care needs of the American people.

Objective: The authors aimed to estimate the workforce requirements for managing skin cancer and other skin tumors.

Materials And Methods: The authors conducted a population-based, cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey between the years 2007 and 2016, the most recent years available.

Adverse events associated with weekly short course isoniazid and rifapentine therapy in pediatric patients with latent tuberculosis: A chart and literature review.

Background: Effective yet safe treatment of latent tuberculosis is important for preventing the spread of tuberculosis and the progression to active disease in pediatric patients. As of 2017, the short course combination regimen of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) administered by directly observed therapy (DOT) has replaced 9 months of isoniazid as the standard of treatment for latent tuberculosis in pediatric patients. The literature, limited in size, has established the 3HP regimen's superior safety and adherence.

Global Epidemiology of Urticaria: Increasing Burden among Children, Females and Low-income Regions.

Urticaria has a high socioeconomic burden worldwide. However, the global epidemiology of urticaria and its geographical and temporal trends are not well studied. Using the Global Burden of Disease dataset, the aim of this study was to analyse the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, years lived with disability, and mean duration of urticaria in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017.

Burning behaviour of rainscreen façades.

Four reduced-height (5 m) BS 8414-1 façade flammability tests were conducted, three having mineral-filled aluminium composite material (ACM-A2) with polyisocyanurate (PIR) and phenolic (PF) foam and stone wool (SW) insulation, the fourth having polyethylene-filled ACM (ACM-PE) with PIR insulation. Each façade was constructed from a commercial façade engineer's design, and built by practising façade installers. The ACM-PE/PIR façade burnt so ferociously it was extinguished after 13.

Dermatologists are increasing their use of non-opioid pain medications faster than opioids.

Introduction: There is a lack of consensus in the literature on how and when dermatologists should prescribe pain medications. As there is an ongoing opioid abuse epidemic driven by prescription opioids, it is important for all fields to investigate their own prescribing patterns.

Methods: We analyzed the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2007 to 2016 to assess the usage of systemic pain medications amongst dermatologists.

Smoke toxicity of rainscreen façades.

The toxic smoke production of four rainscreen façade systems were compared during large-scale fire performance testing on a reduced height BS 8414 test wall. Systems comprising 'non-combustible' aluminium composite material (ACM) with polyisocyanurate (PIR), phenolic foam (PF) and stone wool (SW) insulation, and polyethylene-filled ACM with PIR insulation were tested. Smoke toxicity was measured by sampling gases at two points - the exhaust duct of the main test room and an additional 'kitchen vent', which connects the rainscreen cavity to an occupied area.

Fire behaviour of modern façade materials - Understanding the Grenfell Tower fire.

The 2017 Grenfell Tower fire spread rapidly around the combustible façade system on the outside of the building, killing 72 people. We used a range of micro- and bench-scale methods to understand the fire behaviour of different types of façade product, including those used on the Tower, in order to explain the speed, ferocity and lethality of the fire. Compared to the least flammable panels, polyethylene-aluminium composites showed 55x greater peak heat release rates (pHRR) and 70x greater total heat release (THR), while widely-used high-pressure laminate panels showed 25x greater pHRR and 115x greater THR.