Evaluating a social risk screening and referral program in an urban safety-net hospital emergency department.

Objective: The emergency department (ED) is an opportune venue to screen for unmet social needs and connect patients with social services. This quality improvement study incorporates both qualitative and quantitative data to examine unmet social needs among ED patients and program implementation.

Methods: From September 2020 to December 2021, an urban safety-net hospital adult ED implemented a social needs screening and referral program.

Evaluating an Interprofessional Trauma-Based Education Course to Advance the Care and Health of Refugees.

Refugee patients benefit from interdisciplinary approaches that address trauma-related migration in culturally responsive ways. This qualitative evaluation assessed the interdisciplinary trauma-based course for refugee populations. The qualitative data comes from focus groups and surveys to evaluate medical, social work, and public health students' perceptions of the interprofessional education course of refugee patient care.

An Elusive Case of Tuberculous Meningitis in a Young Man With Altered Mental Status.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a rare, frequently elusive diagnosis, often characterized by vague symptoms and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality.

Case Report: We present a case of TBM in a young man with a headache and altered mental status. In addition, we provide a brief history of TBM, review the pathophysiology of the disease, discuss clinical and radiologic features, and detail the management of TBM both emergently and throughout our patient's hospital course.

The Impact of Global Health Experiences on the Emergency Medicine Residency Milestones.

Objectives: Identify the impact of experiences in global health (GH) on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies in emergency medicine (EM) residents and describe the individual characteristics of EM residents with global health experience compared to those without.

Methods: From 2015 to 2018, 117 residents from 13 nationally accredited United States EM residency training programs were surveyed. Specifically, the survey gathered demographic data and information regarding timing, type, location and duration of short term experiences in global health (STEGH).

Global Health Training in U.S. Emergency Medicine Residency Programs.

Objectives: Formal education in global health (GH) and short-term experiences in GH (STEGH) are offered by many emergency medicine (EM) residency programs in the United States. In an increasingly connected world, training in GH and STEGH can provide essential knowledge and practical skills to trainees, particularly at the graduate medical education level. The current core programmatic components and the essential competencies and curricula that support ethical and effective STEGH, however, still vary widely.

COVID-19 Pandemic Prompts a Paradigm Shift in Global Emergency Medicine: Multidirectional Education and Remote Collaboration.

To date, the practice of global emergency medicine (GEM) has involved being "on the ground" supporting in-country training of local learners, conducting research, and providing clinical care. This face-to-face interaction has been understood as critically important for developing partnerships and building trust. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant uncertainty worldwide, including international travel restrictions of indeterminate permanence.

A Posttraumatic Dilated, Proptotic Eye Does Not Always Need a Lateral Canthotomy! A Review of Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome for Emergency Physicians.

Background: Superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS) is a rare constellation of findings consisting of ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, a fixed dilated pupil, forehead anesthesia, and loss of the corneal reflex. This syndrome, though rare, is most often encountered in trauma with individuals sustaining a facial fracture.

Case Report: We present a case of a young woman who was diagnosed with SOFS after a fall in her house, hitting her face on a nightstand.

Acute care for the three leading causes of mortality in lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review.

According to the World Health Organization, the three leading causes of mortality in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) are ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and lower respiratory infections (LRIs), causing 111.8, 68.8, and 51.

The Practitioner's Guide to Global Health: an interactive, online, open-access curriculum preparing medical learners for global health experiences.

Background: Short-term experiences in global health (STEGH) are increasingly common in medical education, as they can provide learners with opportunities for service, learning, and sharing perspectives. Academic institutions need high-quality preparatory curricula and mentorship to prepare learners for potential challenges in ethics, cultural sensitivity, and personal safety; however, availability and quality of these are variable.

Objective: The objective of this study is to create and evaluate an open-access, interactive massive open online course (MOOC) that prepares learners to safely and effectively participate in STEGH, permits flexible and asynchronous learning, is free of charge, and provides a certificate upon successful completion.

Development of a Global Health Milestones Tool for Learners in Emergency Medicine: A Pilot Project.

Objectives: In medical education and training, increasing numbers of institutions and learners are participating in global health experiences. Within the context of competency-based education and assessment methodologies, a standardized assessment tool may prove valuable to all of the aforementioned stakeholders. Milestones are now used as the standard for trainee assessment in graduate medical education.

The Emergency Department Crash Cart: A systematic review and suggested contents.

Background: As the field of Emergency Medicine grows worldwide, the importance of an Emergency Department Crash Cart (EDCC) has long been recognized. Yet, there is paucity of relevant peer-reviewed literature specifically discussing EDCCs or proposing detailed features for an EDCC suitable for both adult and pediatric patients.

Methods: The authors performed a systematic review of EDCC-specific literature indexed in Pubmed and Embase on December 20, 2016.

Global Health: Preparation for Working in Resource-Limited Settings.

Trainees and clinicians from high-income countries are increasingly engaging in global health (GH) efforts, particularly in resource-limited settings. Concomitantly, there is a growing demand for these individuals to be better prepared for the common challenges and controversies inherent in GH work. This is a state-of-the-art review article in which we outline what is known about the current scope of trainee and clinician involvement in GH experiences, highlight specific considerations and issues pertinent to GH engagement, and summarize preparation recommendations that have emerged from the literature.

The epidemiology of drowning in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, drowning is the 3rd leading cause of unintentional injury-related deaths worldwide, accounting for 370,000 annual deaths and 7% of all injury-related deaths. Low- and middle-income countries are the most affected, accounting for 91% of unintentional drowning deaths.

Methods: The authors performed a systematic review of literature indexed in EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Traumatology journals formerly indexed in PubMed in January 2014 and again in September 2016.

A systematic review of burn injuries in low- and middle-income countries: Epidemiology in the WHO-defined African Region.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), burns result in the loss of approximately 18 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and more than 250,000 deaths each year, more than 90% of which are in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The epidemiology of these injuries, especially in the WHO-defined African Region, has yet to be adequately defined.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature regarding the epidemiology of thermal, chemical, and electrical burns in the WHO-defined African Region.

Improving Publication Quality and Quantity for Acute Care Authors From Low- and Middle-Income Settings.

Study Objective: Researchers from low- and middle-income countries have limited access to publishing and editing resources. This study describes a journal-initiated platform to improve publication quantity and quality in Sub-Saharan Africa emergency care research: Author Assist.

Methods: This is a descriptive report of a quality improvement project of referrals to the African Journal of Emergency Medicine's (AfJEM's) Author Assist program between January 2011 and December 2015.

Epidemiology of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Utilization in Four Indian Emergency Departments.

Unlabelled: Introduction Without a universal Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system in India, data on the epidemiology of patients who utilize EMS are limited. This retrospective chart review aimed to quantify and describe the burden of disease and patient demographics of patients who arrived by EMS to four Indian emergency departments (EDs) in order to inform a national EMS curriculum.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients transported by EMS over a three-month period in 2014 to four private EDs in India.

Health Care Access and Utilization after the 2010 Pakistan Floods.

Unlabelled: Introduction The 2010 floods submerged more than one-fifth of Pakistan's land area and affected more than 20 million people. Over 1.6 million homes were damaged or destroyed and 2,946 direct injuries and 1,985 deaths were reported.

Acute care needs in an Indian emergency department: A retrospective analysis.

Background: Emergencies such as road traffic accidents (RTAs), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) are the most common causes of death and disability in India. Robust emergency medicine (EM) services and proper education on acute care are necessary. In order to inform curriculum design for training programs, and to improve the quality of EM care in India, a better understanding of patient epidemiology and case burden presenting to the emergency department (ED) is needed.

Prevention of burn injuries in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), burns result in more than 250,000 deaths and the loss of approximately 18 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs), more than 90% of which occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), annually. This type of serious injury - one that is particularly devastating in LMICs - is preventable. To further explore the effectiveness of burn prevention strategies in LMICs, we performed a systematic review of the literature indexed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Global Health, and the Cochrane Library databases as of October 2015.

Global Emergency Medicine: A Review of the Literature From 2015.

Objectives: The Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) conducts an annual search of peer-reviewed and gray literature relevant to global emergency medicine (EM) to identify, review, and disseminate the most important new research in this field to a global audience of academics and clinical practitioners.

Methods: This year 12,435 articles written in six languages were identified by our search. These articles were distributed among 20 reviewers for initial screening based on their relevance to the field of global EM.