Regulation of body temperature and blood pressure in women: Mechanisms and implications for heat illness risk.

Increasing global temperatures due to ongoing climate change phenomena have resulted in increased risk of exertional heat illness in otherwise healthy, young individuals who work or play in the heat. With increasing participation of women in athletic, military and industrial activities that involve exertion in the heat, there is a growing need to study female physiology in this context. Mechanisms controlling blood pressure and body temperature have substantial overlap in humans, largely due to autonomic mechanisms which contribute to both.

Relation of body surface area-to-mass ratio to risk of exertional heat stroke in healthy men and women.

Risk of exertional heat stroke (EHS) is an ongoing challenge for United States military personnel, for athletes and for individuals with occupational stressors that involve prolonged activity in hot environments. Higher body mass index (BMI) is significantly associated with increased risk for EHS in activity duty U.S.

Sex differences in thermal sensitivity and perception: Implications for behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation.

Temperature sensitive receptors in the skin and deep body enable the detection of the external and internal environment, including the perception of thermal stimuli. Changes in heat balance require autonomic (e.g.

Prospective Validation of 2B-Cool : Integrating Wearables and Individualized Predictive Analytics to Reduce Heat Injuries.

Introduction: An uncontrollably rising core body temperature (T C ) is an indicator of an impending exertional heat illness. However, measuring T C invasively in field settings is challenging. By contrast, wearable sensors combined with machine-learning algorithms can continuously monitor T C nonintrusively.

Body mass index, but not sex, influences exertional heat stroke risk in young healthy men and women.

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) remains a persistent threat for individuals working or playing in the heat, including athletes and military and emergency service personnel. However, influence of biological sex and/or body mass index (BMI) on the risk of EHS remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the influence of sex and BMI on risk of EHS in the active-duty US Army.

Countermovement jump, handgrip, and balance performance change during euhydration, mild-dehydration, rehydration, and ad libitum drinking.

Objective: To examine the effects of euhydration, mild-dehydration, rehydration, and ad libitum drinking on countermovement jump (CMJ), handgrip strength, and performance of balance error scoring system test (BESS).

Methods: Eighteen healthy male subjects (mean[M]±standard deviation[SD]; age, 23±3y; body mass, 80.1 ± 9.

Are there sex differences in risk for exertional heat stroke? A translational approach.

New Findings: What is the topic of this review? Whether there are sex differences in exertional heat stroke. What advances does it highlight? This review utilizes a translational model between animal and human research to explore possible physical and physiological differences with respect to risk and treatment of exertional heat stroke.

Abstract: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a potentially fatal condition brought about by a combination of physical activity and heat stress and resulting in central nervous system dysfunction and organ damage.

Corrigendum: Estrogen to Progesterone Ratio and Fluid Regulatory Responses to Varying Degrees and Methods of Dehydration.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.

The Rise of the Female Warfighter: Physiology, Performance, and Future Directions.

Since 1948, the United States military has been open to both men and women as permanent party service members. However, in the majority of the time since, there have been a subset of military occupational specialties (MOS), or job descriptions, open only to men. In particular, jobs requiring more intense physical and/or environmental strain were considered to be beyond the physiological capabilities of women.

When it's time for the sex talk, words matter.

In recent years, the traditional, unspoken assumption in published biomedical research studies that the young, healthy (usually white) male is the "default human" has received increasing scrutiny and criticism. The historical underrepresentation of female participants in biomedical research has been increasingly recognized and addressed, including with the current call for papers at the . Our goal in the present Perspectives is to discuss the topic of terminology (man/woman vs.

Estrogen to Progesterone Ratio and Fluid Regulatory Responses to Varying Degrees and Methods of Dehydration.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between volume regulatory biomarkers and the estrogen to progesterone ratio (E:P) prior to and following varying methods and degrees of dehydration. Ten women (20 ± 1 year, 56.98 ± 7.

Sex difference in initial thermoregulatory response to dehydrated exercise in the heat.

Although it is well established that dehydration has a negative impact on thermoregulation during exercise in the heat, it is unclear whether this effect of dehydration is different between men and women, or across the phases of the menstrual cycle (MC). Twelve men and seven women (men: 20 ± 2 years, 70.13 ± 10.

A 3-D virtual human thermoregulatory model to predict whole-body and organ-specific heat-stress responses.

Objective: This study aimed at assessing the risks associated with human exposure to heat-stress conditions by predicting organ- and tissue-level heat-stress responses under different exertional activities, environmental conditions, and clothing.

Methods: In this study, we developed an anatomically detailed three-dimensional thermoregulatory finite element model of a 50th percentile U.S.

Post-exercise Body Cooling: Skin Blood Flow, Venous Pooling, and Orthostatic Intolerance.

Athletes and certain occupations (e.g., military, firefighters) must navigate unique heat challenges as they perform physical tasks during prolonged heat stress, at times while wearing protective clothing that hinders heat dissipation.

Availability of a Flavored Beverage and Impact on Children's Hydration Status, Sleep, and Mood.

Euhydration remains a challenge in children due to lack of access and unpalatability of water and to other reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine if the availability/access to a beverage (Creative Roots) influences hydration in children and, therefore, sleep quality and mood. Using a crossover investigation, 46 participants were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or an intervention group and received Creative Roots (INT) for two-week periods.

Assessing the Validity of Aural Thermometry for Measuring Internal Temperature in Patients With Exertional Heat Stroke.

Context: The use of aural thermometry as a method for accurately measuring internal temperature has been questioned. No researchers have examined whether aural thermometry can accurately measure internal body temperature in patients with exertional heat stroke (EHS).

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of aural thermometry as an alternative to the criterion standard of rectal thermometry in patients with and those without EHS.

Age- and Sex-Based Differences in Exertional Heat Stroke Incidence in a 7-Mile Road Race.

Context: Sex, age, and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) have been proposed risk factors for exertional heat stroke (EHS) despite conflicting laboratory and epidemiologic evidence.

Objective: To examine differences in EHS incidence while accounting for sex, age, and environmental conditions.

Design: Observational study.

Progression of human subjective perceptions during euhydration, mild dehydration, and drinking.

Thirst motivates consumption of water necessary for optimal health and cognitive-physiological functions. Other than thirst, little is known about coexisting perceptions and moods that provide information to the brain and participate in body water homeostasis. The purpose of this investigation was to observe perceptions, somatic sensations, and moods during controlled changes of hydration status.

The Validity and Reliability of Global Positioning System Units for Measuring Distance and Velocity During Linear and Team Sport Simulated Movements.

Huggins, RA, Giersch, GEW, Belval, LN, Benjamin, CL, Curtis, RM, Sekiguchi, Y, Peltonen, J, and Casa, DJ. The validity and reliability of GPS units for measuring distance and velocity during linear and team sport simulated movements. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3070-3077, 2020-This experimental study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of shirt-mounted 10-Hz global positioning system (GPS) units (Polar Team Pro) for measuring total distance (TD), constant velocity (VelC), and instantaneous velocity (VelI) during linear running and a team sport simulation circuit (TSSC).