Skull base chordomas presenting with abducens nerve deficits: clinical characteristics and predictive factors for deficit improvement or resolution.

Objective: Skull base chordomas (SBCs) often present with cranial nerve (CN) VI deficits. Studies have not assessed the prognosis and predictive factors for CN VI recovery among patients presenting with CN VI deficits.

Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent resection for primary chordoma from 2001 to 2020 were reviewed.

Implementation of high-definition fiber tractography for preoperative evaluation and surgical planning of brainstem cavernous malformation: long-term outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the role and long-term outcomes of high-definition fiber tractography (HDFT) in the surgical management of brainstem cavernomas.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective evaluation of their database at the HDFT laboratory in a single academic institution.

Results: The authors identified 11 patients with brainstem cavernomas who had HDFT for preoperative workup and underwent microsurgical resection.

Clinical Features and Multimodal Imaging in Atypical Posterior Uveitis Secondary to Infection.

Purpose: To characterize an unusual presentation of infectious posterior uveitis using multimodal imaging, and discuss the clinical decision-making involved in diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: Wide-field fundus photography, swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), swept-source OCT angiography, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography.

Results: This patient presented with cyclical fevers and blurry vision.

Multimodal Imaging in Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy.

A 44-year-old woman noticed bilateral irregular scotomata associated with photopsias of 6-month duration. Ophthalmoscopic examination demonstrated multiple bilateral, pericentral, hypopigmented, petaloid, macular lesions evident on Amsler grid associated with paracentral hyperreflective lesions on optical coherence tomography in the outer plexiform and nuclear layers. Indocyanine green angiography revealed patches of choroidal ischemia consistent with acute macular neuroretinopathy.

Venous sinus stenting shortens the duration of medical therapy for increased intracranial pressure secondary to venous sinus stenosis.

Introduction: Medical treatment, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting, and optic nerve sheath fenestration are standard treatments for increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Venous sinus stenting provides a novel alternative surgical treatment in cases of venous sinus stenosis with elevated ICP.

Methods: 12 consecutive subjects with papilledema, increased ICP, and radiological signs of dural sinus stenosis underwent cerebral venography and manometry.

Lymphoma of the orbit masquerading as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Background: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia and ipsilateral cranial neuropathies. It is caused by an inflammatory process of unknown etiology.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a 77-year-old white man with history of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia transforming to large B-cell lymphoma who presented to a community physician complaining of 4 months of isolated right retro-orbital pain and later with diplopia, ptosis, 6th nerve and pupil-sparing partial 3rd nerve palsies as well as progressive neurological findings.

Treatment of pediatric optic neuritis.

Pediatric optic neuritis is a rare disorder causing a subacute loss of vision (often bilateral) in children, often of a severe degree. Common clinical findings include dense visual field loss, afferent pupillary defect (APD) in unilateral cases, and papillitis that is often bilateral. Contrary to optic neuritis in the adult population, the differential diagnosis for this disorder in pediatric patients is quite extensive, so neuroimaging and serologic evaluation are necessary to exclude an infectious or neoplastic process.

Tension pneumocephalus after endoscopic sinus surgery: case report of repair and management in absence of obvious skull base defect.

Tension pneumocephalus is a rare complication of functional endoscopic sinus surgery that may lead to rapid neurologic deterioration. Patients typically display symptoms within hours after the operation, and computed tomography reveals the presence of a skull base defect. We report a unique case of subacute tension pneumocephalus with no obvious skull base defect, which was associated with a pupil-involving third-nerve palsy.

Decreased cortical activation in response to a motion stimulus in anisometropic amblyopic eyes using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: Motion perception abnormalities and extrastriate abnormalities have been suggested in amblyopia. Functional MRI (fMRI) and motion stimuli were used to study whether interocular differences in activation are detectable in motion-sensitive cortical areas in patients with anisometropic amblyopia.

Methods: We performed fMRI at 1.

Recognition of objects in non-canonical views: a functional MRI study.

Background: The neural correlate of object recognition in non-canonical views is uncertain, but there is evidence for involvement of neural pathways, possibly separate from those used for object recognition in canonical views.

Methods: Boxcar functional MRI (fMRI) techniques were used to detect neural activity while eight normal subjects were instructed to identify digital photographs of objects in non-canonical and canonical orientations.

Results: The right angular gyrus, the left inferior temporal gyrus, and the right cerebellum showed significant fMRI activity during non-canonical as opposed to canonical viewing.

Decreased lateral geniculate nucleus activation in retrogeniculate hemianopia demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging at 4 Tesla.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can detect lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) activation. We studied LGN function in 5 patients with retrogeniculate homonymous hemianopia using fMRI at 4.0 Tesla during binocular visual stimulation.

Eye dominance in the visual cortex using functional MRI at 1.5 T: an alternative method.

Purpose: To develop a functional MRI method for producing eye dominance histograms in humans at 1.5 Tesla (T).

Methods: In the first set of experiments, 8 normal persons were tested.