Inhibition of mucus secretion by niclosamide and benzbromarone in airways and intestine.

The Ca activated Cl channel TMEM16A (anoctamin 1; ANO1) is expressed in secretory epithelial cells of airways and intestine. Previous studies provided evidence for a role of ANO1 in mucus secretion. In the present study we investigated the effects of the two ANO1-inhibitors niclosamide (Niclo) and benzbromarone (Benz) in vitro and in vivo in mouse models for cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma.

Alterations of mucosa-attached microbiome and epithelial cell numbers in the cystic fibrosis small intestine with implications for intestinal disease.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Defective CFTR leads to accumulation of dehydrated viscous mucus within the small intestine, luminal acidification and altered intestinal motility, resulting in blockage. These changes promote gut microbial dysbiosis, adversely influencing the normal proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells.

Upregulation of antimicrobial peptide expression in slc26a3-/- mice with colonic dysbiosis and barrier defect.

Genetic defects in SLC26A3 (DRA), an intestinal Cl/HCO exchanger, result in congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD), marked by lifelong acidic diarrhea and a high risk of inflammatory bowel disease. mice serve as a model to understand the pathophysiology of CLD and search for treatment options. This study investigates the microbiota changes in colon, the genotype-related causes for the observed microbiota alterations, its inflammatory potential, as well as the corresponding host responses.

Sodium/hydrogen-exchanger-2 modulates colonocyte lineage differentiation.

Aim: The sodium/hydrogen exchanger 2 (NHE2) is an intestinal acid extruder with crypt-predominant localization and unresolved physiological significance. Our aim was to decipher its role in colonic epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation and electrolyte transport.

Methods: Alterations induced by NHE2-deficiency were addressed in murine nhe2 and nhe2 colonic crypts and colonoids, and NHE2-knockdown and control Caco2Bbe cells using pH-fluorometry, gene expression analysis and immunofluorescence.

Inhibition of Na /H exchanger isoform 3 improves gut fluidity and alkalinity in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-deficient and F508del mutant mice.

Background And Purpose: Constipation and intestinal obstructive episodes are major health problems in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Three FDA-approved drugs against constipation-prone irritable bowel syndrome were tested for their ability to increase luminal fluidity and alkalinity in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) null (cftr ) and F508del mutant (F508del ) murine intestine.

Experimental Approach: Guanylate cyclase C agonist linaclotide, PGE analogue lubiprostone and intestine-specific NHE3 inhibitor tenapanor were perfused through a ~3 cm jejunal, proximal or mid-distal colonic segment in anaesthetized cftr , F508del and WT mice.

Deciphering ion transporters, kinases and PDZ-adaptor molecules that mediate guanylate cyclase C agonist-dependent intestinal fluid loss in vivo.

Background: The molecular basis for heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin (STa) action and its synthetic analogue linaclotide is well understood at the enterocyte level. Pharmacologic strategies to prevent STa-induced intestinal fluid loss by inhibiting its effector molecules, however, have achieved insufficient inhibition in vivo.

Aims And Experimental Approach: To investigate whether the currently discussed effector molecules and signaling mechanisms of STa/linaclotide-induced diarrhea have similar relevance in vivo than at the enterocyte level, we studied the effect of 10M of the STa analogue linaclotide on short circuit current (Isc) of chambered isolated jejunal mucosa, and on the in vivo action on fluid transport in a perfused segment of proximal jejunum of anesthetized mice.

Slc26a3 deletion alters pH-microclimate, mucin biosynthesis, microbiome composition and increases the TNFα expression in murine colon.

Aim: SLC26A3 (DRA) mediates the absorption of luminal Cl in exchange for HCO in the distal intestine. Its expression is lost in congenital chloride diarrhoea (CLD) and strongly decreased in the presence of intestinal inflammation. To characterize the consequences of a loss of Slc26a3 beyond disturbed electrolyte transport, colonic mucus synthesis, surface accumulation and composition, pH microclimate, microbiome composition and development of inflammation was studied in slc26a3 mice.

Platelet concentration in platelet-rich plasma affects tenocyte behavior in vitro.

Since tendon injuries and tendinopathy are a growing problem, sometimes requiring surgery, new strategies that improve conservative therapies are needed. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) seems to be a good candidate by virtue of its high content of growth factors, most of which are involved in tendon healing. This study aimed to evaluate if different concentrations of platelets in PRP have different effects on the biological features of normal human tenocytes that are usually required during tendon healing.

Occurrence of spontaneous periodontal disease in the SAMP1/YitFc murine model of Crohn disease.

Background: Oral involvement is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent evidence suggests a high incidence of periodontal disease in patients with Crohn disease (CD). To the best of the authors' knowledge, no animal model of IBD that displays associated periodontal disease was reported previously.

The effects of platelet gel-released supernatant on human fibroblasts.

In recent years, interest in the topical use of platelet gel (PG) to stimulate wound healing has rapidly extended into various clinical applications and specialized fields. Many recent in vitro and in vivo studies have attempted to explain the biological mechanisms involved in PG-induced tissue regeneration/reparation. However, it remains unclear which parameters should be used in clinical applications to obtain satisfactory results in the healing of wounds.