jULIEs: nanostructured polytrodes for low traumatic extracellular recordings and stimulation in the mammalian brain.

Extracellular microelectrode techniques are the most widely used approach to interrogate neuronal populations. However, regardless of the manufacturing method used, damage to the vasculature and circuit function during probe insertion remains a concern. This issue can be mitigated by minimising the footprint of the probe used.