Hyperoxemia in postsurgical sepsis/septic shock patients is associated with reduced mortality.

Background: Despite growing interest in treatment strategies that limit oxygen exposure in ICU patients, no studies have compared conservative oxygen with standard oxygen in postsurgical patients with sepsis/septic shock, although there are indications that it may improve outcomes. It has been proven that high partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO) reduces the rate of surgical-wound infections and mortality in patients under major surgery. The aim of this study is to examine whether PaO is associated with risk of death in adult patients with sepsis/septic shock after major surgery.

Renal involvement in sarcoidosis: histological patterns and prognosis, an Italian survey.

Background: Granulomatous interstitial nephritis in sarcoidosis (sGIN) is generally clinically silent, but in <1% causes acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: This Italian multicentric retrospective study included 39 sarcoidosis-patients with renal involvement at renal biopsy: 31 sGIN-AKI, 5 with other patterns (No-sGIN-AKI), 3 with nephrotic proteinuria. We investigate the predictive value of clinical features, laboratory, radiological parameters and histological patterns regarding steroid response.

Eculizumab as a New Treatment for Severe Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis: Two Case Reports.

Acute post-infections glomerulonephritis (APIGN) is a frequent cause of glomerulonephritis and represents the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children. It can evolve to severe acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease or even end-stage kidney disease. The precise pathophysiological mechanisms of APIGN are still incompletely understood.

Case Report: A Rare Truncating Variant of the Gene in IgA Nephropathy.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Despite appropriate therapy, 20-40% of affected-patients evolve toward end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Mesangial IgA deposits are the hallmark of IgAN, and complement deposition (C3) seems to differentiate latent IgA mesangial deposits from active IgAN.

The Inhibition of Complement System in Formal and Emerging Indications: Results from Parallel One-Stage Pairwise and Network Meta-Analyses of Clinical Trials and Real-Life Data Studies.

This manuscript presents quantitative findings on the actual effectiveness of terminal complement component 5 (C5) inhibitors and complement component 1 (C1) esterase inhibitors through their formal and common "off-label" (compassionate) indications. The results emanated from pairwise and network meta-analyses to present evidence until September 2019. Clinical trials (CT) and real-life non-randomized studies of the effects of interventions (NRSI) are consistent on the benefits of C5 inhibitors and of the absence of effects of C1 esterase inhibitors ( = 7484): Mathematically, eculizumab (surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) >0.

The Friday evening case of acute kidney injury: a crystal dilemma.

We report a case of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by amoxycillin crystalluria suggested by massive amounts of urinary crystals of unusual morphology. This hypothesis was further reinforced by a particular solubility pattern when the urine sample was exposed to various temperatures, alkali, acids and alcohol. We therefore suspended amoxycillin, which produced a rapid and complete recovery of kidney function.

Long-Term Outcomes and Discard Rate of Kidneys by Decade of Extended Criteria Donor Age.

Background And Objectives: Extended criteria donors represent nowadays a main resource for kidney transplantation, and recovery criteria are becoming increasingly inclusive. However, the limits of this approach are not clear as well as the effects of extreme donor ages on long-term kidney transplantation outcomes. To address these issues, we performed a retrospective study on extended criteria donor kidney transplantation.

Children of a lesser god or miracles? An emotional and behavioural profile of children born to mothers on dialysis in Italy: a multicentre nationwide study 2000-12.

Background: Pregnancy on dialysis is increasingly being reported. This study evaluates the behavioural profile of the children of mothers on dialysis and the parental stress their mothers undergo when compared with a group of mothers affected by a different chronic disease (microcythaemia) and a group of healthy control mothers.

Methods: Between 2000 and 2012, 23 on-dialysis mothers gave birth to 24 live-born children in Italy (23 pregnancies, 1 twin pregnancy, one of the twins deceased soon after delivery); of these, 16 mothers and 1 father (whose wife died before the inquiry) were included in the study (1 mother had died and the father was unavailable; 2 were not asked to participate because their children had died and 3 were unavailable; children: median age: 8.

Calcium-phosphate and parathyroid intradialytic profiles: A potential aid for tailoring the dialysate calcium content of patients on different hemodialysis schedules.

Severe hyperparathyroidism is a challenge on hemodialysis. The definition of dialysate calcium (Ca) is a pending issue with renewed importance in cases of individualized dialysis schedules and of portable home dialysis machines with low-flow dialysate. Direct measurement of calcium mass transfer is complex and is imprecisely reflected by differences in start-to-end of dialysis Ca levels.

Intensive weight loss combining flexible dialysis with a personalized, ad libitum, coach-assisted diet program. A "pilot" case series.

Unlabelled: Obesity is a growing problem on dialysis. The best approach to weight loss has not been established. The risks of malnutrition may offset the advantages of weight loss.

Chronic dialysis discontinuation: a systematic narrative review of the literature in the new millennium.

Introduction And Aims: Renal function recovery (RFR), defined as the discontinuation of dialysis after 3 months of replacement therapy, is an uncommon occurrence. At a time when the "too early" start of dialysis is in discussion, a systematic review of the literature for cases in which patients recovered renal function after starting dialysis with chronic indications, including single cases and large series, may lead to attention being focused on this interesting issue.

Methods: The search strategy was built in Medline on Pubmed, in EMBASE and in the Cochrane Collaboration (August 2013) combining Mesh, Emtree and free terms: dialysis or hemodialysis, kidney function, renal function and recovery (publication date 2000-2013).

Tailoring dialysis and resuming low-protein diets may favor chronic dialysis discontinuation: report on three cases.

Renal function recovery (RFR), defined as the discontinuation of dialysis after 3 months of replacement therapy, is reported in about 1% of chronic dialysis patients. The role of personalized, intensive dialysis schedules and of resuming low-protein diets has not been studied to date. This report describes three patients with RFR who were recently treated at a new dialysis unit set up to offer intensive hemodialysis.

[Intensive weight-loss in dialysis: a personalized approach].

Unlabelled: Obesity is increasingly encountered in dialysis patients, who have difficulty to lose weight. Several Transplant Centres require BMI <30-35 Kg/m2 at waiting-list. Thus, losing weight becomes a must for young obese patients, however the best policy to obtain it (if any) is not defined.

Renal infarction versus pyelonephritis in a woman presenting with fever and flank pain.

Patients with fever, flank pain, and dysuria frequently are encountered in the emergency department. Acute pyelonephritis is the most likely diagnosis; however, its clinical and radiologic presentation consistently overlap with that of acute renal infarction. Ultrasound is unable to distinguish early infarction from nonabscessed acute pyelonephritis.

The children of dialysis: live-born babies from on-dialysis mothers in Italy--an epidemiological perspective comparing dialysis, kidney transplantation and the overall population.

Background: A successful pregnancy is an exceptional event on dialysis. Few data are available comparing pregnancy rates on dialysis, transplantation and the overall population. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of live births from mothers on chronic dialysis compared with the overall population and with kidney transplant patients.