Intragenic DNA inversions expand bacterial coding capacity.

Bacterial populations that originate from a single bacterium are not strictly clonal and often contain subgroups with distinct phenotypes. Bacteria can generate heterogeneity through phase variation-a preprogrammed, reversible mechanism that alters gene expression levels across a population. One well-studied type of phase variation involves enzyme-mediated inversion of specific regions of genomic DNA.

An open resource for transdiagnostic research in pediatric mental health and learning disorders.

Technological and methodological innovations are equipping researchers with unprecedented capabilities for detecting and characterizing pathologic processes in the developing human brain. As a result, ambitions to achieve clinically useful tools to assist in the diagnosis and management of mental health and learning disorders are gaining momentum. To this end, it is critical to accrue large-scale multimodal datasets that capture a broad range of commonly encountered clinical psychopathology.

The development of a normalization method for comparing nerve regeneration effectiveness among different graft types.

The inability to compare directly different nerve grafts has been a significant factor hindering the advance of nerve graft development. Due to the abundance of variables that exist in nerve graft construction and multiple assessment types, there has been limited success in comparing nerve graft effectiveness among experiments. Using mathematical techniques on nerve conduction velocity (NCV) autograft data, a normalization function was empirically derived that normalizes differences in gap lengths.