Effects of carbohydrate counting on glucose control and quality of life over 24 weeks in adult patients with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: a randomized, prospective clinical trial (GIOCAR).

Objective: Few studies have assessed the efficacy of carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes, and none have validated its efficacy in patients who are treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The aim of our study was to test the effect of carbohydrate counting on glycemic control and quality of life in adult patients with type 1 diabetes who are receiving CSII.

Research Design And Methods: Sixty-one adult patients with type 1 diabetes treated with CSII were randomly assigned to either learning carbohydrate counting (intervention) or estimating pre-meal insulin dose in the usual empirical way (control).

Frequency-modulated electromagnetic neural stimulation enhances cutaneous microvascular flow in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of frequency modulated electromagnetic neural stimulation (FREMS), a recently developed safe and effective treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy, on cutaneous microvascular function.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with painful neuropathy were enrolled in a randomised, double-blind, crossover FREMS vs. placebo study; each received two series of 10 treatments of either FREMS or placebo in random sequence within no more than 3 weeks.