Evaluation of the Physical Compatibility of Intravenous Methocarbamol in Lactated Ringer's, 0.45% Normal Saline, and Plasma-Lyte A.

The need to determine physical compatibility of intravenous admixtures is directly related to patient safety and patient outcomes. While the provision of multi-modal analgesic strategies has increased over the past decade, a paucity of data exists regarding physical compatibility of select medications. To evaluate the physical compatibility of methocarbamol in Lactated Ringer's (LR), 0.

Physical Compatibility of Intravenous Ondansetron Hydrochloride and Nafcillin Sodium.

Information on the physical compatibility of intravenous (IV) medications is vital for patient care and safety in acute care settings. Drug information resources list ondansetron and nafcillin as IV compatible, however, bolus concentrations of ondansetron are not reported. This study investigated the in vitro physical compatibility of bolus and infusion concentrations of ondansetron hydrochloride with nafcillin sodium.

Physical compatibility of ceftriaxone and cefepime in 0.45% sodium chloride, Ringer's lactate solution, and Plasma-Lyte A.

Objectives: The compatibility of intravenous fluids with medications is of paramount concern to pharmacists and is an imperative component of ensuring patient safety. Data regarding the physical compatibility of medications with intravenous fluids has not been examined, or published with conflicting results or the concentrations studied were not consistent with current practice. Our objective was to determine the physical compatibility of ceftriaxone and cefepime in 0.

MALDI-TOF imaging analysis of benzalkonium chloride penetration in ex vivo human skin.

Benzalkonium chloride (BZK), alkyldimethylbenzlamonium chloride, is a cationic surfactant that is used as an antiseptic. BZK is classified as a quaternary ammonium compound composed of molecules of several alkyl chains of differing lengths, that dictate its effectiveness towards different microbes. As a result, BZK has become one of the most used preservatives in antibacterial solutions.

Skin penetration of caffeine from commercial eye creams and eye creams designed and optimized based on Hansen solubility parameters.

Computer-aided formulation design can streamline and speed up product development. In this study, ingredient screening and optimizing software, Formulating for Efficacy® (FFE), was used to design and optimize creams for the topical delivery of caffeine. FFE was set up to optimize lipophilic active ingredients, therefore, this study challenged the program's capabilities.

Intravenous Physical Compatibility of Heparin Sodium and Furosemide.

Continuous infusions of heparin and furosemide are often required for hospitalized patients to treat cardiac-related disease states. Concomitant infusion of heparin and furosemide through the same intravenous line minimizes the need for multiple intravenous sites. For concomitant infusions to be administered, knowledge of the physical compatibility for intravenous medications is imperative for patient safety and administering medications to maximize their effectiveness.

Meadowfoam seed oil as a natural dispersing agent for colorants in lipstick.

Objective: Green and sustainable trends are growing and with that the demand for naturally derived ingredients is rising. Dispersing agents are essential components of lipsticks due to their ability to wet pigment particles, reduce agglomerates and prevent re-agglomeration by stabilizing pigment particles. In this study, meadowfoam seed oil was evaluated as a pigment-dispersing agent for lipsticks and compared with castor oil and octyldodecanol.

Blue light protection, part II-Ingredients and performance testing methods.

Background: There are numerous cosmetic ingredients that have been identified to have blue light protection benefits. The urge to learn more about blue light protection claims has led to several substantiation test methods that can be utilized by companies to prove product efficacy.

Aims: Part II of this article provides up-to-date information on cosmetic ingredients that can provide protection from blue light, and methods companies can use to substantiate blue light protection claims.

Blue Light Protection, Part I-Effects of blue light on the skin.

Background: Blue light is emitted visible light between the wavelengths of 400 to 500 nm. The main source of blue light is sunlight, but digital screens, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and fluorescent lighting serve as additional sources. Concerns about the negative effects of blue light on the skin have rapidly increased over the past 15 years, and consequently, the urge to learn more about this topic is increasing as well.

Effect of Solvents on the Sun Protection Factor and Broad-Spectrum Protection of Three Organic UV Filters.

Solvents play an essential role in the performance of ultraviolet (UV) filters. The goal of this study was to understand how the sun protection factor (SPF) and broad-spectrum protection of three organic UV filters (homosalate, ethylhexyl salicylate, and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane) and a combination of these are influenced by solvents. Twenty-four solvents were selected based on the ingredient active gap for testing.

Evaluation of alkenones, a renewably sourced, plant-derived wax as a structuring agent for lipsticks.

Objective: Waxes are used as structuring agents in lipsticks. There are a variety of waxes combined in a single lipstick to provide good stability, pleasant texture and good pay-off. Due to a significant growth for natural, green and sustainable products, there is a constant search for alternatives to animal-derived and petroleum-derived ingredients.

Exploring the Impact of Technology Use with Cosmetic Science Guest-Speakers: A Qualitative Study.

Improvements in current classroom technology such as video conferencing have allowed geographically-distant guest-speakers to participate in teaching. However, is time and effort that faculty may spend coordinating guest-speakers helpful for their students' learning? Relevance is key to motivation and learning, and therefore, it would seem that professionals who can share industry applications and their experiences should help promote relevance. During the core application-based cosmetic science coursework in an undergraduate cosmetic science and formulation design degree at the University of Toledo, multiple industry experts come in as guest-speakers.

Computer-based formulation design and optimization using Hansen solubility parameters to enhance the delivery of ibuprofen through the skin.

Trial-and-error approach to formulation development is long and costly. With growing time and cost pressures in the pharmaceutical industry, the need for computer-based formulation design is greater than ever. In this project, emulgels were designed and optimized using Formulating for Efficacy™ (FFE) for the topical delivery of ibuprofen.

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Gel for the Dermal Application of Lidocaine: Comparison of Skin Penetration Testing Methods.

The aim of this research was to investigate the stability of a lidocaine-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier dispersion at different temperatures, formulate a nanostructured lipid carrier gel, and test the penetration profile of lidocaine from the nanostructured lipid carrier gel using different skin penetration modeling methods. The formulations were characterized by laser diffraction, rheological measurements and microscopic examinations. Various in vitro methods were used to study drug release, diffusion and penetration.

Application of Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) Questions for Sensory Characterization of Cosmetic Emulsions by Untrained Consumers.

The sales potential of cosmetic products is greatly determined by skin feel and skin sensory performance. To please the target audience, it is important to gather information about consumers' perception of products' sensory characteristics. In this study, six different emulsions were formulated.

Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Creams and Gels Containing Metal Ions for Topical Application.

Skin infections occur commonly and often present therapeutic challenges to practitioners due to the growing concerns regarding multidrug-resistant bacterial, viral, and fungal strains. The antimicrobial properties of zinc sulfate and copper sulfate are well known and have been investigated for many years. However, the synergistic activity between these two metal ions as antimicrobial ingredients has not been evaluated in topical formulations.

A new modified wetting test and an alternative disintegration test for orally disintegrating tablets.

Industrial manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms require quality tests, such as friability, hardness, and disintegration. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) disintegration test uses 900mL of water. However, recent studies of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) have shown that this volume does not accurately portray the oral environment.

Dosage uniformity problems which occur due to technological errors in extemporaneously prepared suppositories in hospitals and pharmacies.

The availability of suppositories in Hungary, especially in clinical pharmacy practice, is usually provided by extemporaneous preparations. Due to the known advantages of rectal drug administration, its benefits are frequently utilized in pediatrics. However, errors during the extemporaneous manufacturing process can lead to non-homogenous drug distribution within the dosage units.

Comparing suppository mold variability which can lead to dosage errors for suppositories prepared with the same or different molds.

Suppository molds must be properly calibrated to ensure accurate dosing. There are often slight differences between molds and even in the cavities within a mold. A method is presented for the calibration of standard aluminum 6-, 12-, 50-, or 100-well suppository molds.

Evaluation of powder mixtures and hydrophilic gastroretentive drug delivery systems containing zinc acetate and sodium bicarbonate.

The aim of this study was to develop and study floating controlled drug delivery systems consisting of a model drug (zinc acetate dihydrate), different forms of a matrix-forming polymer (Metolose 90 SH) and sodium bicarbonate as an effervescent component. The proportions of Metolose and bicarbonate were varied, and the effects of the different ratios on the properties of the resulting powders and tablets were determined. The water uptakes of different powder mixtures were initially evaluated.

Role of surface free energy and spreading coefficient in the formulation of active agent-layered pellets.

Formulation of layered pellets can be a useful method for the preparation of multiparticulate systems. The aims of this work were to study the properties of hydrophilic active agent (pirenzepine dihydrochloride) layers formed on different pellet cores, the efficacy of layering and the connection between the core and the layers. The carrier pellets were prepared from mixtures of a hydrophilic (microcrystalline cellulose) and a hydrophobic (magnesium stearate) component in different ratios.

Evaluation of the composition of the binder bridges in matrix granules prepared with a small-scale high-shear granulator.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the binder bridges which can form in hydrophilic matrix granules prepared with a small-scale high-shear granulator. Matrices contained hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a matrix-forming agent, together with lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose as filler. Water was used as granulating liquid.