Management of eating disorders for people with higher weight: clinical practice guideline.

Introduction: The prevalence of eating disorders is high in people with higher weight. However, despite this, eating disorders experienced by people with higher weight have been consistently under-recognised and under-treated, and there is little to guide clinicians in the management of eating disorders in this population.

Aim: The aim of this guideline is to synthesise the current best practice approaches to the management of eating disorders in people with higher weight and make evidence-based clinical practice recommendations.

Extending the Overnight Fast: Sex Differences in Acute Metabolic Responses to Breakfast.

Fasting for over 24 h is associated with worsening glucose tolerance, but the effect of extending the overnight fast period (a form of time-restricted feeding) on acute metabolic responses and insulin sensitivity is unclear. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the acute impact of an increased fasting period on postprandial glycaemia, insulinemia, and acute insulin sensitivity responses to a standard meal. Twenty-four lean, young, healthy adults (12 males, 12 females) consumed a standard breakfast after an overnight fast of 12, 14, and 16 h.

Appetite Perceptions, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Ghrelin, Peptide YY and State Anxiety Are Disturbed in Adolescent Females with Anorexia Nervosa and Only Partially Restored with Short-Term Refeeding.

Factors underlying disturbed appetite perception in anorexia nervosa (AN) are poorly characterized. We examined in patients with AN whether fasting and postprandial appetite perceptions, gastrointestinal (GI) hormones, GI symptoms and state anxiety (i) differed from healthy controls (HCs) and (ii) were modified by two weeks of refeeding. 22 female adolescent inpatients with restricting AN, studied on hospital admission once medically stable (Wk0), and after one (Wk1) and two (Wk2) weeks of high-calorie refeeding, were compared with 17 age-matched HCs.

Effects of starvation and short-term refeeding on gastric emptying and postprandial blood glucose regulation in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa.

Postprandial glucose is reduced in malnourished patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), but the mechanisms and duration for this remain unclear. We examined blood glucose, gastric emptying, and glucoregulatory hormone changes in malnourished patients with AN and during 2 wk of acute refeeding compared with healthy controls (HCs). Twenty-two female adolescents with AN and 17 age-matched female HCs were assessed after a 4-h fast.

Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition on glycemic, gut hormone, triglyceride, energy expenditure, and energy intake responses to fat in healthy males.

Fat is the most potent stimulus for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. The aims of this study were to determine whether dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition would enhance plasma active incretin [glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), GLP-1] concentrations and modulate the glycemic, gut hormone, triglyceride, energy expenditure, and energy intake responses to intraduodenal fat infusion. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design, 16 healthy lean males received 50 mg vildagliptin (V), or matched placebo (P), before intraduodenal fat infusion (2 kcal/min, 120 min).

Timing is everything: the onset of depression and acute coronary syndrome outcome.

Background: Conflicting findings have emerged from studies examining the impact of depression on death and readmission following a coronary event, possibly reflecting differences in the measurement of "depression" and the onset of depression in relation to the coronary event. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the timing of the depressive episode and 1-year cardiovascular outcome in recruited patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: Patients hospitalized with ACS (N = 489) were recruited and assessed for lifetime and current depression by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) depression schedule.

A validation study of two brief measures of depression in the cardiac population: the DMI-10 and DMI-18.

The authors report on the psychometric characteristics and clinical efficacy of two versions of a recently developed screening measure of depression (the DMI-18 and DMI-10) in the cardiac population. Patients with acute coronary syndrome or heart failure (N = 322) completed the DMI measures, psychosocial questionnaires, and a semistructured clinical interview during the hospital stay. The DMI-18 and DMI-10 measures have adequate psychometric properties, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity when evaluated against clinical judgment based on a semistructured interview.

Low levels of docosahexaenoic acid identified in acute coronary syndrome patients with depression.

As deficiencies in n-3 PUFAs have been linked separately to depression and to cardiovascular disease, they could act as a higher order variable contributing to the established link between depression and cardiovascular disease. We therefore examine the relationship between depression and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), including total n-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Plasma phospholipid levels of n-3 PUFA were measured in 100 patients hospitalized with ACS.