Robot-assisted inguinal lymphadenectomy to treat penile and vulvar cancers: a scoping review.

Introduction: Inguinal lymph nodes dissection (ILND) is recommended in patients presenting with high-risk penile (PC) or vulvar cancers (VC). Though, this surgical procedure is underused because of its anticipated morbidity. Minimally invasive approaches were proposed to minimize complications associated with open surgery.

Methods for implementing integrated step-selection functions with incomplete data.

Integrated step-selection analyses (iSSAs) are versatile and powerful frameworks for studying habitat and movement preferences of tracked animals. iSSAs utilize integrated step-selection functions (iSSFs) to model movements in discrete time, and thus, require animal location data that are regularly spaced in time. However, many real-world datasets are incomplete due to tracking devices failing to locate an individual at one or more scheduled times, leading to slight irregularities in the duration between consecutive animal locations.

Dispersal and connectivity in increasingly extreme climatic conditions.

While climate change has been shown to impact several life-history traits of wild-living animal populations, little is known about its effects on dispersal and connectivity. Here, we capitalize on the highly variable flooding regime of the Okavango Delta to investigate the impacts of changing environmental conditions on the dispersal and connectivity of the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). Based on remote sensed flood extents observed over 20 years, we derive two extreme flood scenarios: a minimum and a maximum flood extent, representative of very dry and very wet environmental periods.

Higher Mortality Is Not a Universal Cost of Dispersal: A Case Study in African Wild Dogs.

AbstractMortality is considered one of the main costs of dispersal. A reliable evaluation of mortality, however, is often hindered by a lack of information about the fate of individuals that disappear under unexplained circumstances (i.e.

What is the best time for postoperative radiation therapy in pN1 prostate cancer?

We retrospectively compared long-term biochemical recurrence rates (BCR) in pN1 PCa patients that underwent adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) vs. no aRT/early salvage (esRT) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy. All PCa pN1 M0 patients treated at a single high-volume center between 2010 and 2020 were analyzed.

Dispersal-induced social stress prolongs gestation in wild meerkats.

In the majority of mammals, gestation length is relatively consistent and seldom varies by more than 3%. In a few species, females can adjust gestation length by delaying the development of the embryo after implantation. Delays in embryonic development allow females to defer the rising energetic costs of gestation when conditions are unfavourable, reducing the risk of embryo loss.

Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns.

COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions.

Combining accelerometry with allometry for estimating daily energy expenditure in joules when in-lab calibration is unavailable.

Background: All behaviour requires energy, and measuring energy expenditure in standard units (joules) is key to linking behaviour to ecological processes. Animal-borne accelerometers are commonly used to infer proxies of energy expenditure, termed 'dynamic body acceleration' (DBA). However, converting acceleration proxies (m/s) to standard units (watts) involves costly in-lab respirometry measurements, and there is a lack of viable substitutes for empirical calibration relationships when these are unavailable.

Conditional survival of patients with low-risk prostate cancer: Temporal changes in active surveillance permanence over time.

Purpose: To determine risk categories for patients with prostate cancer (PCa) in active surveillance (AS) and to test the conditional survival (CS) that examined the effect of event-free survival since AS-entrance.

Materials And Methods: From January 2012 to December 2020 we analyzed 606 patients with PCa enrolled in our AS program. Kaplan-Meier (KM) plots depicted AS-exit rate.

A three-step approach for assessing landscape connectivity via simulated dispersal: African wild dog case study.

Context: Dispersal of individuals contributes to long-term population persistence, yet requires a sufficient degree of landscape connectivity. To date, connectivity has mainly been investigated using least-cost analysis and circuit theory, two methods that make assumptions that are hardly applicable to dispersal. While these assumptions can be relaxed by explicitly simulating dispersal trajectories across the landscape, a unified approach for such simulations is lacking.

Combined Reporting of Surgical Quality and Cancer Control after Surgical Treatment for Penile Tumors with Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection: The Achievement.

Background: To optimize results reporting after penile cancer (PC) surgery, we proposed a and assessed its ability to predict overall survival (OS) probabilities.

Methods: A purpose-built multicenter, multi-national database was queried for stage I-IIIB PC, requiring inguinal lymphadenectomy (ILND), from 2015 onwards. Kaplan-Meier (KM) method assessed differences in OS between patients achieving or not.

Metachronous Testicular Metastases from Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC): A Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm. The immunotherapy era has dramatically changed MCC prognosis, but unresponsive and progressive diseases after anti- programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) treatment still represent a challenge. MCC can metastasize in virtually every anatomical site, also during immunotherapy, and the reasons for primary resistance are debated.

Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: A Comparison between Multimodality Treatment vs. Androgen Deprivation Therapy Alone.

Background: We compared multimodality treatment (MMT, defined as robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), with or without adjuvant radiotherapy (RT)) vs. ADT alone in oligometastatic prostate cancer (OPC) patients. Methods: From 2010 to 2018, we identified 74 patients affected by cM1a-b OPC (≤5 metastases).

Dispersal Decreases Survival but Increases Reproductive Opportunities for Subordinates in a Cooperative Breeder.

AbstractIn most socially structured populations, the formation of new groups depends on the survival and reproduction of dispersing individuals. Quantifying vital rates in dispersers, however, is difficult because of the logistic challenges of following wide-ranging animals. Here, using data from free-ranging meerkats (), we estimate survival and reproduction of dispersing females and compare these estimates to data for established residents.

A comprehensive evaluation of sexual and reproductive outcomes following robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for nonseminomatous germ cell tumor.

Sexual disorders following retroperitoneal pelvic lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testis tumor can affect the quality of life of patients. The aim of the current study was to investigate several different andrological outcomes, which may be influenced by robot-assisted (RA) RPLND. From January 2012 to March 2020, 32 patients underwent RA-RPLND for stage I nonseminomatous testis cancer or postchemotherapy (PC) residual mass.

Progress in prostate cancer prevention.

After lung, prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and fourth in cancer-related mortality. The etiology is largely unknown and no clear risk factors have been identified. Primary prevention is therefore challenging.

Repeat MRI during active surveillance: natural history of prostatic lesions and upgrading rates.

Objectives: To assess upgrading rates in patients on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer (PCa) after serial multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 558 patients. Five different criteria for mpMRI progression were used: 1) a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score increase; 2) a lesion size increase; 3) an extraprostatic extension score increase; 4) overall mpMRI progression; and 5) the number of criteria met for mpMRI progression (0 vs 1 vs 2-3).

Robot-Assisted Intracorporeal Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder: Description of the "Shell" Technique.

Background: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal neobladder (ICNB) remains a very complicated, technically demanding and time-consuming surgical procedure. In the current study we describe our robot-assisted intracorporeal "Shell" neobladder reconstruction.

Methods: From January 2017 to December 2019, we performed 30 intracorporeal ileal neobladder "Shell" reconstructions.

Penile-sparing surgery for patients with superficial or initially invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: long-term oncological outcomes.

Purpose: To report long-term oncological outcomes after penile-sparing surgery (PSS) for superficial (Ta-Tis) or initially invasive (T1) penile cancer patients.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 85 patients with Ta/Tis/T1cN0cM0 penile cancer (1996-2018). All patients underwent PSS: circumcision, excision or laser ablation.

Uro-oncologic patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic: survey findings from an Italian oncologic hub.

 Patient and worker satisfaction at an oncologic hub during the COVID-19 pandemic has never been reported. We addressed this topic. We conducted a survey to test the views of patients (n = 64) and healthcare professionals (n = 52) involved with our operative protocol.

Behavioural change during dispersal and its relationship to survival and reproduction in a cooperative breeder.

The ability of dispersing individuals to adjust their behaviour to changing conditions is instrumental in overcoming challenges and reducing dispersal costs, consequently increasing overall dispersal success. Understanding how dispersers' behaviour and physiology change during the dispersal process, and how they differ from resident individuals, can shed light on the mechanisms by which dispersers increase survival and maximise reproduction. By analysing individual behaviour and concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM), a stress-associated biomarker, we sought to identify the proximate causes behind differences in survival and reproduction between dispersing and resident meerkats Suricata suricatta.

Impact of Perioperative Immunonutrition on Complications in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the gold standard treatment for patients with muscle-invasive or refractory non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. It is estimated that approximately 64% and 13% of RC patients experience any complication and major complications, respectively. Specialized immunonutrition (SIM) aims to reduce the rates of complications after RC.

Assessment of PSIM (Prostatic Systemic Inflammatory Markers) Score in Predicting Pathologic Features at Robotic Radical Prostatectomy in Patients with Low-Risk Prostate Cancer Who Met the Inclusion Criteria for Active Surveillance.

Background: circulating levels of lymphocytes, platelets and neutrophils have been identified as factors related to unfavorable clinical outcome for many solid tumors. The aim of this cohort study is to evaluate and validate the use of the Prostatic Systemic Inflammatory Markers (PSIM) score in predicting and improving the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in men undergoing robotic radical prostatectomy for low-risk prostate cancer who met the inclusion criteria for active surveillance.

Methods: we reviewed the medical records of 260 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for active surveillance.

MRI-targeted or systematic random biopsies for prostate cancer diagnosis in biopsy naïve patients: follow-up of a PRECISION trial-like retrospective cohort.

Background: To test clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) rates during follow-up in biopsy naïve patients that underwent two different diagnostic pathways: (1) SB GROUP (n = 354): systematic random biopsies (SB) vs. (2) TB GROUP (n = 264): multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and only targeted biopsies (TB) of PI-RADS ≥ 3 lesions. Patients with PI-RADS ≤ 2 score avoided prostate biopsies.