Mental Health Literacy and Public Stigma: Examining the Link in 17 Countries.

Background: Literacy campaigns stand as the most common approach to raising awareness of mental health problems, increasing the use of services, and reducing stigma. However, research suggests that more informed public beliefs may have little effect or even trigger the stigma backlash. We aim to provide a wider, cross-national examination of how stigma varies globally and to examine whether the ability to recognize a mental health problem and see it as "a disease like any other" is the optimal roadmap for stigma reduction.

Disability, Discrimination, and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Stress Process Model.

Drawing on data from a community survey with a sizeable subsample of people with physical, intellectual, and psychological disabilities in the Intermountain West region of the United States ( = 2,043), this investigation examined the association of social stressors stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic with ableism or disability-related discrimination. We further assessed the significance of these associations for variation by disability status in psychological well-being with a moderated mediation analysis. Study findings provide clear evidence that greater pandemic-related stressor exposure was associated with greater discrimination, which in turn increased the psychologically distressing aspects of the pandemic for people with disabilities relative to people without disabilities.

The link between food insecurity and psychological distress: The role of stress exposure and coping resources.

This study examines the association between food insecurity and mental health over a 3-year period. It also assesses the salience of life stressors and psychosocial coping resources for this association. We utilize data from a two-wave community survey of Miami-Dade County, Florida residents (N = 1488).

Stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, disability, and mental health: Considerations from the Intermountain West.

The deleterious mental health effects associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are increasingly apparent, however, questions remain about the extent to which pandemic-related stressor exposure has contributed to increased psychological distress among an already disadvantaged group, individuals with disabilities. The first aim of the study was to examine the distribution of pandemic-related stressors across multiple dimensions-employment, personal and family finances, personal relationships, and quality of social life-among individuals with and without disabilities. The second aim of the study was to examine the association between a composite COVID-19 stressor score and two mental health outcomes-depressive and anxiety symptoms-among the two subsamples.

Race/ethnicity, gender and the SES gradient in BMI: The diminishing returns of SES for racial/ethnic minorities.

Using the 2013-2016 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this study uses the case of obesity to examine whether and to what extent racial and ethnic minorities experience fewer benefits from higher SES relative to their white counterparts. Study results provide support for the diminishing returns in health hypothesis and add an intersectional dimension to this perspective by uncovering stark gendered racial/ethnic disparities in BMI. Specifically, research findings demonstrate that higher income and education is associated with lower BMI among white but not black or Mexican American adults.

Gender differences in the association between functional limitation and depressive symptoms: the salience of food insecurity.

The present study evaluated gender differences in the associations of functional limitation with food insecurity and depressive symptoms. Using data from 3,624 respondents ages 18to 80 years from two pooled cross-sectional cycles (2011-2012 and 2013-2014) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a structural equation model was estimated to assess gender differences in the association between physical limitation and food insecurity, and whether indicators of economic resources mediated an observed interaction. Results demonstrate that food insecurity accounted for about one-tenthof the association between functional limitation and depressive symptoms.

"Going the Extra Mile": Disclosure, Accommodation, and Stigma Management among Working Women with Disabilities.

Although research has quantitatively evaluated the impacts of stigma on working women with disabilities (WWD), nuanced, qualitative accounts voiced by these women are rare. To address this literature gap, we conducted seven focus groups with forty-two WWD. We asked: "What are women's experiences of disability disclosure and accommodation in the workplace?" Findings reveal that WWD face intentional and unintentional structural discrimination and must weigh the pros and cons of disclosure and navigate devaluation threats in pursuing workplace accommodations.

The medicalization of sleeplessness: Results of U.S. office visit outcomes, 2008-2015.

Previous analysis of U.S. physician office visits (1993-2007) indicated that the medicalization of sleeplessness was on the rise and had potentially negative implications for population health.

For Better or Worse: an Assessment of the 'Linked Lives' Concept and the Race-Based Effects of Partner Stress on Self-Rated Health Among Older Adults.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of the life course framework concept of "linked lives" for examining the effects of partner stress on self-rated health among older adult populations.

Method: Data were derived from a partner-dyad study of Miami-Dade County residents and their significant others. We limited our analysis to respondents ages 60 or older (n = 409).

The Incomplete Medicalization of Obesity: Physician Office Visits, Diagnoses, and Treatments, 1996-2014.

Objectives: Despite increased awareness of obesity-related health risks and myriad treatment options, obesity still affects more than one-third of persons in the United States and is a substantial public health problem. Studies show that physicians play a key role in obesity prevention and treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which obesity is diagnosed and treated at the level of patient-physician interaction.

Contributions of personality to social influence: Contingent associations between social network body size composition and BMI.

Social influence is a key determinant of health behaviors and outcomes. Research in the social network tradition emphasizes social structural mechanisms like network content (i.e.

Drug Use and Incarceration among Rural Appalachian Women: Findings From a Jail Sample.

Background/objective: The purpose of this paper is to examine drug use and incarceration history among rural Appalachian women.

Methods: This study involved random selection, screening, and interviews with rural women from local jails in Appalachia.

Results: Of the women randomly selected and screened, 97% met criteria for substance use intervention.

Body weight, perceived weight stigma and mental health among women at the intersection of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status: insights from the modified labelling approach.

With increasing rates of obesity in the United States, attention to life chances and psychological consequences associated with weight stigma and weight-based discrimination has also intensified. While research has demonstrated the negative effects of weight-based discrimination on mental health, little is known about whether different social groups are disproportionately vulnerable to these experiences. Drawing on the modified labelling theory, the focus of this paper is to investigate the psychological correlates of body weight and self-perceived weight-based discrimination among American women at the intersection of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES).

Correlates of Injection Drug Use Among Rural Appalachian Women.

Background: Limited research has focused on correlates of injection drug use (IDU) among high-risk subgroups of drug users, particularly women, who may be at increased risk for transmission of infectious diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis C. The purpose of this study is to better understand the contextual and health correlates of IDU among women living in rural Appalachia by examining (1) differences between injectors and noninjectors, and (2) the unique correlates of recent IDU and past IDU.

Methods: This study involved random selection, screening, and face-to-face interviews with 400 rural Appalachian women from jails in one state.

Partner Influence in Diet and Exercise Behaviors: Testing Behavior Modeling, Social Control, and Normative Body Size.

Previous research has documented social contagion in obesity and related health behaviors, but less is known about the social processes underlying these patterns. Focusing on married or cohabitating couples, we simultaneously explore three potential social mechanisms influencing obesity: normative body size, social control, and behavior modeling. We analyze the association between partner characteristics and the obesity-related health behaviors of focal respondents, comparing the effects of partners' body type, partners' attempts to manage respondents' eating behaviors, and partners' own health behaviors on respondents' health behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and fast food consumption).

Community to clinic navigation to improve diabetes outcomes.

Rural residents experience rates of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) that are considerably higher than their urban or suburban counterparts. Two primary modifiable factors, self-management and formal clinical management, have potential to greatly improve diabetes outcomes. "Community to Clinic Navigation to Improve Diabetes Outcomes," is the first known randomized clinical trial pilot study to test a hybrid model of diabetes self-management education plus clinical navigation among rural residents with T2DM.

Domestic violence in India: insights from the 2005-2006 national family health survey.

This article assesses the prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence in India. The study uses the 2005-2006 India National Family Health Survey-III (NFHS-III) and focuses on the 69,484 ever-married women ages 15 to 49 from all regions, who were administered the domestic violence module. The results show that 31% of respondents experienced physical violence in the past 12 months before the survey; the corresponding figure for sexual violence was 8.